Medications for Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
What is atherosclerosis? What can it result in?
A process by which arteries become progressively narrowed, impairing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Can result in ischemia, cause angina or intermittent claudication (pain while walking)
Can also rupture, resulting in blood loss and possible MI
What are some non-pharmacologic treatments for dyslipidemia?
Diet change
Exercise
Weight control
Stop smoking
What diet changes should be made to treat dyslipidemia?
Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, low-fat dairy, lean poultry, etc.
Mediterranean or DASH-type diet
Restrict consumption of refined carbohydrates, sugar-sweetened bevs, saturated fats, and red meats
Increase intake of oily fish (decreases triglycerides)
Can reducing your intake of dietary cholesterol help with treating dyslipidemia?
Not exactly, it can vary from person to person
HMG-CoA-reductase Inhibitors (Statins) MOA
Inhibit cholesterol synthesis by inhbiting an enzyme in the pathway of its synthesis
Effect increases the number of LDL receptors on the liver, permitting more uptake of LDL from the plasma–> reduction in serum LDL-C
Statins Overall Effect
Decrease LDL
Decrease TGs
Increase HDL
Dietary Cholesterol Blockers MOA
Blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the GI tract (acts on the cells of the brush border of the small intestine)
Less intestinal cholesterol is then delivered to the liver –> decreased liver stores of cholesterol –> an increase in the plasma clearance of cholesterol
Dietary Cholesterol Blockers Overall Effects
Decreases LDL cholesterol
Decreases TGs
Small increase in HDL
Fibrates MOA
Gene transcription mechanism
PPAR alpha agonist –> increased hepatic uptake and clearance of TGs from the plasma
Results in decreased VLDL production
What are fibrates primarily used to treat?
Elevated TGs
What are omega-3 fatty acids primarily used to treat?
Elevated TGs
Which meds are used in combination with statins?
Dietary cholesterol blockers
Which meds are primarily used to treat elevated TGs?
Omega-3 fatty acids
Fibrates
What does PCSK9 do?
Stops receptor recycling which does not allow for continued LDL uptake from the blood to the cell
PCSK9 Inhibitors MOA
Inhibits PCSK9 to allow for continued LDL-C receptor recycling
