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NURS 1650 - Here We Go Again > Medications for Diabetes > Flashcards

Medications for Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin MOA

A

initiates glucose uptake into cells that are insulin-dependent

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2
Q

Amylin Analogs MOA

A

Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, promotes satiety

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3
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonist MOA

A

Promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibits the post-prandial release of glucagon, slows gastric emptying, suppresses appetite

Acts like endogenous GLP-1, but longer lasting

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4
Q

Biguanides MOA

A

Increase sensitivity of insulin receptors

Decrease liver gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

Sulfonylureas MOA

A

Stimulate insulin release (secretagogue)

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6
Q

Meglitinides MOA

A

Stimulate insulin release (secretagogue)

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7
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors MOA

A

Inhibit enzymes at GI brush border –> inhibits absorption of ingested carbohydrates

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8
Q

Thiazolidinediones MOA

A

insulin sensitizers

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9
Q

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors MOA

A

slow incretin inactivation by DPP-4 enzyme

Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release and inhibit postprandial glucagon release

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10
Q

Sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors MOA

A

Reduce the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys

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11
Q

Levels of hypoglycemia

A

Level 1: <70

Level 2: <54

Level 3: altered mental and/or physical status

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12
Q

Levels of hypoglycemia

A

Level 1: <70

Level 2: <54

Level 3: altered mental and/or physical status

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13
Q

U-500 syringes are _____ while U-100 are _____

A

U-500 syringes are GREEN

U-100 are ORANGE

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14
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin

A

Aspart

Lispro

Glulisine

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15
Q

Short Acting Insulin

A

Regular/Human

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16
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin

A

NPH

Detemir

17
Q

Long Acting Insulin

A

Glargine

Semglee

Detemir

Degludec

18
Q

What is basal insulin therapy?

A

Attempts to mimic the natural insulin secretion rhythms of the pancreas

steady, low level of insulin constantly secreted by pancreas

Uses long-acting insulin

19
Q

What is bolus insulin therapy?

A

Attempts to mimic the natural insulin secretion rhythms of the pancreas

The spikes in insulin secretion stimulated by glucose ingestion, especially at meals

20
Q

When is basal insulin given?

A

At bedtime

21
Q

What is bolus insulin also called? why?

A

Nutritional insulin

Requires the person to count carbs ingested and bolus rapid acting insulin according to instructions

22
Q

What is bolus insulin also called? why?

A

Nutritional insulin

Requires the person to count carbs ingested and bolus rapid-acting insulin according to instructions

23
Q

What is allotransplantation? How is it used to treat diabetes?

A

Islets from the pancreas of a donor are purified, processed, and transferred into another person (usually with T1DM)

Transferred into the liver. infused in the portal vein, become residents in hepatic sinusoids

The person must take immunosuppressive drugs to avoid rejection

24
Q

What is important to manage while treating diabetes (T2)?

A

Other comorbidities!

HTN, Dyslipidemia, Obesity

25
Q

Which classes of medications are injectables?

A

Insulin

Amylin analogs

GLP-1 receptor agonists

26
Q

Which classes of medications are oral agents?

A

Biguanides

Sulfonylureas

Meglitinides

alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4 Inhibitors)

SGLT2 Inhibitors

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist

27
Q

S/Sx of Hypoglycemia

A

Shaking

Sweating

Anxious

Dizzy

Hungry

Fast HR

Weakness

Headache

Irritable

28
Q

Insulin Pen Precautions

A

One patient = one pen

Never open the pen and use the insulin cartridge inside as a multi-dose vial

Hold against the skin for 5-10 seconds after depressing the dose button

29
Q

Insulin pumps practice what type of insulin therapy? How?

A

Basal/bolus therapy

The pump consistently administers basal short or rapid-acting insulin in small dosing

May also include correction doses

30
Q

What is the Somogyi effect?

A

Undetected hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia in the morning

31
Q

What is the dawn phenomenon?

A

Rise in blood glucose between 2-8 am 2/2 rise in counterregulatory hormones that are normally released

Results in hyperglycemia in the morning

32
Q

3 AM BG levels indicate:

A

If hypo –> Somogyi Effect

If hyper –> Dawn Phenomenon

NURS 1650 - Here We Go Again (20 decks)

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