Medications Flashcards
What is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene (muscle relaxant)
If a Risk of malignant hyperthermia is suspected, what pre-operative test may be performed
CPK- elevated in 79% of patients with malignant hyperthermia
What is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics
Block Na+ channels and conduction of action potentials along sensory nerves
What is the toxic dose of lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Alone- 300
W/ epi- 500
What is the toxic dose of bupivicaine (marcaine)
alone-175
w/epi- 225
What are the side effects of lidocaine and bupivicaine associated with systemic exposure.
(CNS and CV)
CNS
- initial excitation
- –dizziness, blurred vision, tremor, seizures
- followed by depression
- –respiratory depression, LOC
CV
-hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
What can be given to help reverse local anesthetic-induced cardiovascular collapse
Intravenous fat emulsion (intralipid)
Is there a risk with intra-articular injections of bupivicaine
studies have shown chondrocyte death following prolonged exposure to bupivicaine
In what age group should bupivicaine be avoided
Children <12 years of age
How are amides metabolized
Liver
How are esters metabolized
plasma pseudocholinesterase
What is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstriction
Cocaine
How is cocaine metabolized
plasma pseudocholinesterase
Can local anesthetics cross the placental barrier
yes
What does MAC stand for
monitored anesthesia care
For anesthesia, what cannot be given to a patient with an eggshell allergy
propofol
Pain management with a codeine allergy
STTUDDD-N
Stadol Toradol Talwin Ultram Darvon Darvocet Demerol Nubain
First choice for oral
Darvocet
first choice for non-narcotic oral
tramadol (50 mg)
First choice for non-narcotic IV
Toradol 30-60 mg IV
Choice narcotic IV pain med
Demerol
Name two non-narcotic analgesics
ketoralac (toradol), tramadol
What schedule is percocet
II (high potential for abuse)
What schedule is vicodin
III (moderate potential for abuse)
