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Crozer Surgery > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the foot

A

26 (not including sesamoids)

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2
Q

how many joints are in the foot

A

35

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3
Q

Name the accessory ossicles (10)

A
  • os intermetatarsium
  • os vesalianum
  • os tibiale externum
  • os supranaviculare
  • os peroneum
  • os calcaneus secondarius
  • os sustentaculi
  • os trigonum
  • os subtibiale
  • os subfibulare
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4
Q

Os intermetatarsium

A

between 1st cuneiform and 1st- 2nd metatarsal bases

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5
Q

Os vesalianum

A

proximal 5th met base

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6
Q

os tibiale externum

A

accessory navicular

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7
Q

os supranaviculare

A

dorsal aspect of the navicular

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8
Q

os peroneum

A

sesamoid bone in PB tendon

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9
Q

os calcaneus secondarius

A

dorsal anterior process of calcaneus

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10
Q

os sustentaculi

A

posterior aspect of sustentaculum tali

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11
Q

os trigonum

A

posterior aspect of talus

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12
Q

os subtibiale

A

distal to medial malleolus

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13
Q

os subfibulare

A

distal to lateral malleolus

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14
Q

Name the avascular necroses (13)

A
  • Renandier
  • Trevor
  • Theiman
  • Freiberg
  • Iselen
  • Buschke
  • Kohler
  • Lance
  • Diaz
  • Severe’s
  • Blount
  • Osgood-schlatter
  • Legg-Calve-Perthes
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15
Q

Renandier

A

tibial sesamoid

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16
Q

Trevor

A

fibular sesamoid

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17
Q

Theiman

A

Phalanges

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18
Q

Freiberg’s

A

Met heads

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19
Q

Iselen

A

5th metatarsal base

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20
Q

Buschke

A

Cuneiforms

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21
Q

Kohler

A

Navicular

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22
Q

Lance

A

Cuboid

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23
Q

Diaz

A

Talus

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24
Q

Severe’s

A

calcaneus

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25
Q

Blount

A

proximal medial tibial epiphysis

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26
Q

Osgood-Schlatter

A

tibial tuberosity

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27
Q

Legg-calve-perthes

A

femoral epiphysis

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28
Q

What attaches periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey fibers

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29
Q

What are the different types of coalitions (3)

A
  • syndesmosis: fibrous
  • synchondrosis: cartilagenous
  • Synostosis: osseous
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30
Q

What is the difference between a coalition and a bar

A

coalition: intra-articular fusion of two bones
bar: extra-articular fusion

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31
Q

What is the most common coalition in the foot

A

distal and missle phalanx of 5th digitis

32
Q

What is the most common coalition in the rearfoot

A

talocalcaneal

33
Q

What is a steida process

A

enlarged os trigonum

34
Q

What is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origin or tendon insertion

A

Talus

35
Q

What are the plantar muscle layers in the foot from superficial to deep

A

1) abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
2) quadratus plantae, 4 lumbricals
3) flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi
4) 3 plantar interossei, 4 dorsal interossei

36
Q

What layer of the foot does FDL run

A

2nd layer- it is the origin of the lumbricals and the insertion of QP

37
Q

What deformity will result from cutting QP

A

digits 4 and 5 will become adductovarus

38
Q

How is EDL attached to the proximal phalanxes

A

sling wraps around capsule which attaches to plantar plate, DTML, and flexor tendon sheath thus attaching to plantar proximal phalanx.

No direct insertion to proximal phalanx

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the capsularis tendon

A

origin- EHL muscle or tendon

Insertion- first MPJ capsule

40
Q

What is the Master Knot of Henry

A

fibrous connection between FHL and FDL

41
Q

What structures attach to the fibular sesamoid (6)

A
  • plantar MTP ligament
  • lateral met-sesamoid ligament
  • Intersesamoidal ligament
  • phalangeal-sesamoidal ligament
  • FHB tendon
  • ADH tendon
42
Q

Are the sesamoids capsular or extra-capsular

A

capsular

43
Q

What is the Lisfranc ligament

A

attaches lateral aspect of medial cuneiform to medial base of 2nd metatarsal

44
Q

What structures in the Lisfranc joint are not connected by ligaments

A

1st and 2nd metatarsals

45
Q

What is the spring ligament

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

46
Q

What ligaments compose the bifurcate ligaments

A
  • dorsal calcaneonavicular

- calcaneocubiod ligaments

47
Q

Which is stronger-lateral ankle ligaments or the deltoid ligaments

A

deltoid ligament

48
Q

What are the components of the deltoid ligaments

A

Superficial- tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar

Deep- Anterior tibiotalar

49
Q

What tendons pass over the deltoid ligament

A

Tibialis posterior and FDL

50
Q

What are the lateral ankle ligaments

A

anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular

51
Q

What angle do the ATFL and CFL create

A

105 degrees

52
Q

What is the strongest lateral ankle ligament

A

posterior talofibular

53
Q

Which ankle ligaments are exra-capsular which are capsular

A

calcaneofibular ligament is extra capsular

all others are capsular

54
Q

What tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments

A

PB and PL

55
Q

what ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis (3)

A
  • AITFL
  • PITFL
  • interosseous tibiofibular ligament
56
Q

What is the Bassett ligament

A

AITFL

57
Q

what is another name for the flexor retinaculum

A

laciniate ligament

58
Q

what is another name for the superior extensor retinaculum

A

transverse crural ligament

59
Q

What is another name for the inferior extensor retinaculum

A

cruciate crural ligament

60
Q

Where does plantaris insert

A

medial aspect of tendo-Achilles into the calcaneus

61
Q

What is the incidence of peroneus quartus

A

7%

62
Q

What is the Hoke tonsil

A

fibrous, fatty plug within the sinus tarsi

63
Q

What is pes anserinus

A

insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus.

-Where bursa may cause knee pain

64
Q

What is a Bakers cyst

A

swelling of the bursa between the tendons of the medial head of the gastroc and semimembranosous

65
Q

What is a fabella

A

sesamoid bone occasionally found in the tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius

66
Q

What nerves form the sural nerve

A
  • Branch of tibial: medial sural cutaneous

- branch of common peroneal: branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve: sural communicating branch

67
Q

Does a neuroma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

A

plantar

68
Q

Where do these muscles run in relation to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

  • Interossei
  • lumbricals
A

Interossei- dorsal

lumbricals- plantar

69
Q

What layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run

A

Medial plantar- in the first layer

Lateral plantar nerve- between 1st and 2nd

70
Q

What do the medial plantar nerve and artery supply

A

Never LAFF at A FAD

  • Medial plantar Nerve
  • 1st Lumbrical
  • ABH
  • FHB
  • FDB

medial plantar Artery

  • FDB
  • ABH
  • 1st Dorsal interossei
71
Q

What are the branches of the femoral nerve

A
  • Nerve to femoral artery
  • small muscular to pectineus

Anterior division (cutaneous)

  • –anterior femoral cutaneous
  • –nerve to sartorius
  • –intermediate femoral cutaneous
  • –medial femoral cutaneous

Posterior division(muscular)

  • –saphenous
  • –infrapatellar branch
  • –medial crural cutaneous
  • –nerve to rectus femorus
  • –nerve to vastus medialis
  • –nerve to vastus intermed
  • –nerve to vastus lateralis
72
Q

branches of femoral artery (8)

A
  • superficial epigastric
  • superficial circumflex iliac
  • superficial external pudendal
  • deep femoral
  • medial femoral circumflex
  • lateral femoral circumflex
  • descending genicular
  • femoral artery becomes popliteal
73
Q

Trace the path of a drop of blood from left ventricle to the hallux(15)

A
  • ascending aorta
  • aortic arch
  • descending aorta
  • thoracic aorta
  • abdominal aorta
  • common iliac artery
  • external iliac artery
  • femoral artery
  • deep femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior tibial artery
  • dorsalis pedis
  • 1st dorsal metatarsal
  • 1st common dorsal digital
  • 1st proper dorsal digital artery
74
Q

Sources of blood to the talus (3)

A
  • superior surface of head and neck:artery of the sinus tarsi and branch from anterior tibial artery or dorsalis pedis
  • medial side: artery of tarsal canal and posterior tibial artery
  • lateral tubercle: anastamosis of branch of peroneal artery with medial calcaneal branch
75
Q

What are sources of blood supply to tendons

A
  • myotendinous junction
  • paratenon
  • insertion to bone

Crozer Surgery (16 decks)

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