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Crozer Surgery > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

For diabetic patients who gets diabetic ketoacidosis and who gets diabetic coma

A

Type I: DKA

Type II: coma

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2
Q

What are the signs of hypoglycemia (9)

A
  • nervousness
  • tachycardia
  • diaphoresis
  • nausea
  • headache
  • confusion
  • tremor
  • seizures
  • coma
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3
Q

What are the signs of hyperglycemia (3)

A

polyuria

polydipsia

-weight loss

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4
Q

What is the function of a biguanide

A

antihyperglycemic

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5
Q

What are the only FDA-approved drugs for treating diabetic neuropathy

A
  • duloxetine (Cymbalta)

- Pregabalin (lyrica)

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6
Q

Most common causes of onychomycosis (2 categories)

A

dermatophytes and nondermatophytes

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7
Q

Types of dermatophytes that cause onychomycosis (3)

A
  • ***Trichophytan rubrum
  • Trichophyton Mentagrophytes
  • Epidermophytan Floccosum
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8
Q

Types of Nondermatophytes that cause onychomycosis (1)

A

Candida albicans

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9
Q

Conversion between Blood sugar, a1C levels, and PVD level

A

1 a1C level= 30 blood sugar level= 28% PVD

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10
Q

At what a1C level is a patient considered diabetic?

At what a1C level

A

a1C level of 6.4-7

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11
Q

Wagner Classification system

A

0- Pre ulcerative

1-superficial ulcer

2- ulcer deep to tendon, capsule, ligaments and bone.

3- abscess/ infection found

4- gangrene of the forefoot

5- gangrene of the rearfoot

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12
Q

University of Texas SA classification system

A

0-Pre ulcer
1-superficial ulcer
2-Ulcer that probes to tendon, ligament, capsule
3- Ulcer that probes down to bone

A-clean
B-infection
C-Ischemia
D-infection and ischemia

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13
Q

What is the infection rate of a diabetic during surgery

A

3 times the surgical risk

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14
Q

SIRS criteria for systemic infection (4)

A
  • Temperature: >100.4F or < 96.8
  • HR: >90
  • Respirations: >20
  • WBC: >12
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15
Q

Definition of Sepsis:

A

SIRS+ Source

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16
Q

Definition of severe sepsis:

A

Sepsis+ Organ dysfunction/hypotension/hypoperfusion

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17
Q

Definition of septic shock:

A

severe sepsis+hypotension

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18
Q

Different types of autolytic debridement and general description

A
  • Unna Boot
  • Medihoney
  • Hydrogel

General info- creates moist occlusive environment for dry/necrotic wounds. Autolytic debridement by body’s own phagocytes

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19
Q

Alginates: product and description

A

Aquacel

-Highly absorbent for exudative wounds, bacteriostatic, hemostatic

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20
Q

Films: product and description

A

Tegaderm and Telfa

Low adherence

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21
Q

Foams/hydrocolloid: products and description

A

Mepilex and duoderm

Adhesive dressing to create moist environment for fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, and wound healing

22
Q

Low adherence : products and description

A

Xeroform, adaptic, Owens Silk

Keep wound moist

23
Q

Enzymatic/Chemical debridement: product and description

A

Accuzyme and Santyl

collagenase that removes fibrotic tissue

24
Q

Mechanical debridement: products and

A

Hydrotherapy, Versajet and wet to dry dressings

25
Q

Silver nitrate: description

A

chemically caustic agent used to break down hyper granular wounds so that epithelial borders can touch and close

26
Q

Apligraft: Material and description

A

Neonatal foreskin

Consists of epidermal and dermal layer. First FDA approved
Type 1 collagen and ECM

27
Q

Dermagraft: Material and Description

A

Neonatal foreskin

Consists of Dermal layer (fibroblast derived)
Collagen and ECM

28
Q

Theraskin: Material and description

A

An allograft

Consists of dermis, epidermis and ECM

29
Q

Prisma: material and description

A

made of collagen and cellulose

  • Becomes a gel when in contact with exudate, forms antibacterial barrier
30
Q

Acell: material and description

A

made of porcine urinary bladder matrix

Contains growth factors, collagen and ECM

31
Q

Integra: material and description

A

Collagen bilayer matrix.

  • –Silicone outer layer
  • –shark chondroitin inner layer
32
Q

Graftjacket: material and description

A

human dermis

acellular scaffold

33
Q

Oasis: material and description

A

made of porcine small intestine

an acellular scaffold

34
Q

Primatrix: material and description

A

made of fetal bovine dermis

an acellular scaffold

35
Q

Regranex: material and description

A

PDGF

granular and has very good blood flow

36
Q

Grafix: material and description

A

amniotic membrane

-mesoderm/epithelial cells…

37
Q

Amniox: material and description

A

amniotic membrane with umbilical cord (cryopreserved)

contains mesoderm and epithelial cells

38
Q

Epifix: material and description

A

amniotic membrane with umbilical cord (dehydrated)

39
Q

Iodosorb/iodoform: description

A

a cicatrizant: promotes healing via formation of scar tissue

40
Q

Silvadene/ silvasorb: description

A

Causes maceration.

Caution of a silver allergy

41
Q

Betadine: description

A

dries out wound

CAUTION: can kill cells at a high concentration with long term use

42
Q

Triple antibiotic ointment: name

A

Bacitracin

43
Q

Dakins solution description

A

can kill cells at high concentration/long term use

44
Q

Stages of wound healing (4)

A

0- hemostasis
1- inflammation
2- proliferation
3- remodeling

45
Q

Hemostasis phase of wound healing what occurs

A
  • vasoconstriction

- platelet aggregation, granulation, fibrin formation

46
Q

Inflammation phase of wound healing what occurs

A
  • neutrophil/monocyte/lymphocyte migrate to the wound site

- CHRONIC WOUNDS get stuck in this phase

47
Q

Proliferation phase of wound healing what occurs

A

regrowth of epithelium

  • angiogenesis
  • collagen formation by myofibroblasts
48
Q

Remodeling phase of wound healing what occurs

A
  • deposition of matrix
  • collagen remodeling
  • vascular maturity/regression
49
Q

Types of skin graft (in terms of sizes)

A

Thin: .016 inches

50
Q

Stages of skin graft healing:4

A
  • Plasmatic
  • Inosculation
  • Reorganization
  • Reinnervation

Crozer Surgery (16 decks)

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