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medications Flashcards

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1
Q

donepezil
(Aricept)

A

Alzheimer’s Disease
Cholinergics: makes more acetylcholine available to temporarily improve cognition

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2
Q

memantine
(Namenda)

A

Moderate to severe Alzheimer’s dementia

NMDA inhibitor: prevents binding of glutamate in the brain, to improve congnition

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3
Q

benztropine
(Cogentin)

A

All forms of Parkinson’s disease.
Anticholinergics: blocks cholinergic activity in CNS to restore natural balance of neurotransmitters

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4
Q

carbidopa/levodopa
(Sinemet)

A

Parkinson’s disease- tremors and rigidity

Dopamine Agonist: levodopa converted to dopamine, carbidopa prevents its destruction in the peripheral

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5
Q

sertraline
(Zoloft)

A

Depression, OCD, Bulimia, panic disorder

SSRI

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6
Q

amitriptyline
(Elavil)

A

Depression

Potentiates the effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in CNS, anticholinergic effect

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7
Q

haloperidol
(Haldol)

A

Antipsychotic, and Tourette’s syndrome

alters effect of dopamine on CNS, anticholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity.

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8
Q

Benzos:
(Xanax) and (Ativan)

A

GAD, Panic disorder, anxiety with depression

GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) activity
(alprazolam) & (loazepam)

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9
Q

hydroxyzine
(Vistaril)

A

treatment of anxiety, Preoperative sedation,
Antiemetic, Antipruritic

Blocks effects of histamine at receptors

Antihistamine

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10
Q

zolpidem
(Ambien)

A

Insomnia

Produces CNS depression by binding to GABA receptors.

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11
Q

acetaminophen
(Tylenol)

A

mild pain, and fever

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, primarily in CNS

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12
Q

celecoxib and ibuprofen
(Celebrex) (Motrin, Advil)

A

Mild to moderate pain, Fever, treatment of inflammatory disorders (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis)

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

NSAIDs

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13
Q

phenazopyridine
(Pyridium)

A

Urinary tract pain

acts locally on the urinary tract mucosa to produce analgesic or local anesthetic effect

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14
Q

codeine, fentanyl (transdermal:Duragesic)
hydrocodone/acetaminophen (vicodin)
morphine sulfate (MS Contin, Roxanol)
oxycodone (Oxycontin)
oxycodone/aspirin (Percodan)
oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet)

A

Moderate to severe pain,

binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, altering the perception of and response to painful stimuli, produce CNS depression

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15
Q

lidocaine patch
(Lidoderm)

A

topical anesthesia, pain due to post-herpetic neuralgia

Produces local anesthesia by inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes, thereby preventing initiation of normal nerve impulses

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16
Q

metoprolol
(Lopressor, Toprol-XL)
atenolol
(Tenormin)

A

Hypertension, angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmia, migraine headache (prophylaxis), MI (prevention), heart failure,
and hyperthyroidism

Compete with adrenergic (sympathetic) neurotransmitters (epinephrine and norepinephrine) for adrenergic receptors

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17
Q

lisinopril
(Zestril, Prinivil)

A

ACE inhibitor- treatment of hypertension and HF

block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2. Prevent degradation of bradykinin and other vasodilatory prostaglandins

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18
Q

spironolactone
(Aldactone)

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic
r/t edema from HF, cirrhosis, hypertension, hypokalemia

causes loss of sodium bicarbonate and calcium while saving potassium and hydrogen ions by antagonizing aldosterone.

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19
Q

enoxaparin
(Lovenox)

A

prevention of deep vein thrombosis, venous thromboembolis, pulmonary embolism, in surgical and medical patients, prevent ischemic complications

potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin

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20
Q

timolol
(Timpotic)

A

Ophthalmic Beta Blockers
(ocular antihypertensive)
Glaucoma

Decreases formation of aqueous humor

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21
Q

amlodipine & diltiazem
(Norvasc) & (Cardizem)

A

Used in the treatment of hypertension, prophylaxis of angina pectoris or coronary artery spasm

Block calcium entry into cells of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium. Dilates coronary arteries

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22
Q

furosemide
(Lasix)

A

loop diuretics
hypertension, edema due to HF, hepatic impairment or renal failure

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, and calcium

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23
Q

digoxin
(Digitek, Lanoxin)

A

Antiarrhythmics
HF, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (slows ventricular rate)

Increases the force of myocardial contraction.
prolongs refractory period of the AV node
Decreases conduction through the SA and AV nodes

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24
Q

ferrous sulfate
(Feosol, Feratab)

A

Iron supplement for iron deficiency anemia

Essential mineral found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and many enzymes
Enters the bloodstream and is transported to the organs of the spleen, liver, bone marrow. where it becomes part of the iron stores

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25
Q

folic acid
(Folate, Folvite)

A

prevention and treatment of megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias. For normal fetal development

Required for protein synthesis and red blood cell function/production, and WBC and platelets.

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26
Q

ergocalciferol
(Calciferol, Vitamin D2)

A

Treatment of familial hypophosphatemia.
Hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D resistant rickets.

Requires activation in the liver and kidneys to create the active for of vitamin D2
Promotes the absorption of calcium and decreases parathyroid hormone concentrations

27
Q

phytonadione
(Aquamephyton, Vitamin K)

A

Prevention and treatment of hypothrombinemia, which maybe associated with: excessive doses of oral anticoagulants, Salicylates, certain anti-infective agents, nutritional deficiencies

required for hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors 2 (prothrombin), 7, 9, 10

28
Q

Vitamin E

A

Used as a dietary supplement, used in low birth weight infants, and treat hemolysis due to vitamin E deficiency

prevents the oxidation (antioxidant) of other substances. protects RBC membranes against hemolysis, especially in low-birth-weight

29
Q

ascorbic acid
(Ascorbicap)

A

treatment and prevention of vitamin C deficiency, States of increased requirements such as pregnancy, lactation, stress, hyperthyroidism

Necessary for collagen formation and tissue repair. Involved in oxidation reduction reactions, cellular respiration and resistance to infection

30
Q

thiamine
(Vitamin B1)

A

Treatment of thiamine deficiencies (beriberi),
prevention of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. dietary supplement in patients with GI disease, alcoholism, or cirrhosis

required for carbohydrate metabolism

31
Q

calcium carbonate
(Caltrate)

A

treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia.
Adjunct in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Relief of acid indigestion or heartburn. Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end stage renal disease

Essential for nervous, muscular and skeletal systems.
Maintain cell membrane and capillary permeability. Act as an activator in the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle.
Essential for bone formation and blood coagulation

CALCIUM SALTS- mineral/electrolytes/pH modifiers

32
Q

potassium chloride
(KCl, K-Dur, K-Tab, Slow-K)

A

K+ replacement or prevention of deficiency

Maintain acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrophysiologic balance of the cell.
Activator in many enzymatic reactions, essential to transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. gastric secretion, renal function, tissue synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism

33
Q

Chondroitin

A

osteoarthritis, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis

may serve as a building block of articular cartilage. May protect cartilage against degradation. may have antiatherogenic properties

34
Q

orlistat
(Xenical)

A

Obesity management, BMI >30 in the presence of additional risk factors(diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia)

Decreases the absorption of dietary fat by reversibly inhibiting enzymes (lipases), which are necessary for the breakdown and subsequent absorption of fat

35
Q

phentermine
(Zantryl)

A

short-term treatment of obesity in conjunction with other interventions in the presence of other risk factors

Decreases hunger by altering the chemical control of nerve impulse transmission in the appetite control center of the hypothalmus

36
Q

Glucosamine

A

Osteoarthritis, Temporomandibular joint arthritis, Glaucoma

May stop or slow osteoarthritis progression by stimulating cartilage and synovial tissue metabolism

37
Q

atorvastin & rosuvastatin
(Lipitor) & (Crestor)

A

Lipid-lowering agent

Management of hypercholesterolemia, primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Patients with increased LDL, low HDL.

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol.

38
Q

niacin & Omega 3-acid ethyl esters
(Niaspan) & (Omacor, Lovaza)

A

Adjunctive therapy in certain hyperlipidemias

Large doses decrease lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and decreasing hepatic lipoprotein synthesis

39
Q

cefadroxil
(Duricef)

A

1st gen Cephalosporins

Treatment of infection of: skin, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, UTI

binds to bacterial membrane, causing cell death

40
Q

cefaclor
(Ceclor)

A

2nd Gen Cephalosporins

infections of: respiratory tract, skin, UTI, and otitis media

binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death

41
Q

cefotaxime
(Claforan)

A

3rd Gen Cephalosporins

Infections of: skin, bone/joint, UTI, Gynecological (gonorrhea), Lower Respiratory, intra-abdominal, septicemia, lyme, meningitis, perioperative prohylaxis

binds to bacterial cell wall membrane

42
Q

amoxicillin
(Amoxil, Trimax)

A

treatment of:
skin, otitis media, Sinusitis, Genitourinary, Endocarditis prophylaxis, Post-anthrax, Management of ulcer disease due to Helicobacter pylori

Binds to cell wall

43
Q

amoxicillin/clavulanate
(Augmentin)

A

for skin, Otitis media, Sinusitis, Respiratory tract, Genitourinary tract infection

binds to cell wall, spectrum is broader than penicillin. Clavulanate resists beta-lactamase produces by bacteria that resists penicillin.

44
Q

penicillin V
(Pen-Vee K, Veetids)

A

infections of:
Pneumococcal pneumonia, Streptococcal pharyngitis, Syphilis, Gonorrhea> Treatment of enterococcal infections, prevention of rheumatic fever, not for anthrax

Binds to cell wall

45
Q

bismuth subsalicylate
(Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol)

A

Antidiarrheals

Song + treatment of ulcer disease from Hellcobact er pylori (w/anti-infectives)

Promotes intestinal absorption of fluids and electrolytes. Decreases synthesis of intestinal prostaglandins.

46
Q

loperamide
(Imodium)

A

antidiarrheal
Adjunctive therapy of acute diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Decreases the volume of ileostomy drainage.

Inhibits peristalsis and prolongs transit time by a direct effect on nerves in the intestinal muscle wall. Reduces fecal volume, increases fecal viscosity and bulk while diminishing loss of fluid and electrolytes.

47
Q

psyllium
(Metamucil)

A

Laxatives- Bulk forming agents

Management of simple or chronic constipation with low fiber. useful to avoid straining after MI, rectal surgery, bed rest) used to avoid chronic diarrhea

combines with water in the intestinal contents to form an emollient gel or viscous solution that promotes peristalsis and reduces transit time.

48
Q

polyethylene glycol
(Miralax)

A

Treatment of occasional constipation

PEG in solution acts as an osmotic agent, drawing water into the lumen of the GI tract

49
Q

magnesium citrate
(Citrate of Magnesia)
phosphate/biphosphate
(Fleet Enema, Fleet Phosphosoda)

A

Salines

Laxative, Bowel evacuant in prep for surgical or radiographic procedures.

Are osmotically active in GI tract, drawing water into the lumen and causing peristalsis.

50
Q

bisacodyl
(Dulcolax)

A

Stimulant Laxatives

Treatment of constipation, Evacuation of the bowel before radiologic studies or surgery, part of a bowel regimen in spinal cord injury.

Stimulates peristalsis, alters fluid and electrolyte transport, producing fluid accumulation in the colon.

51
Q

E. sennosides
(Senokot, Ex-Lax)

A

Treatment of constipation

Active components of senna (sennosides) alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine, resulting in accumulation of water and increased peristalsis

52
Q

docusate sodium
(Colace)

A

Stool Softeners

PO: prevention of constipation (for avoid straining patients)
Rect: used as enema to soften fecal impaction

Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass.
May also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon

53
Q

tolterodine
(Detrol)

A

Antispasmodic

Treatment of overactive bladder function that results in urinary frequency, urgency or urge incontinence

Acts as a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist resulting in inhibition of cholinergically mediated bladder contraction

54
Q

oxybutynin
(Ditropan) XL

A

Urinary symptoms that may be associated with neurogenic bladder include frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, urge incontinence, overactive bladder with symptoms of urge incontinence, urgency, and frequency

Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic receptors. Has direct spasmolytic action on smooth muscle, including lining of GU tract, w/o affect on vascular smooth muscle

55
Q

phenazopyridine
(Pyridium)

A

Urinary tract analgesic

Urinary tract pain

Acts locally on the urinary tract mucosa to produce analgesic or local anesthetic effects

56
Q

Biguanides
(oral antidiabetics)
metformin
(Glucophage)

A

Antidiabetics (Nutrition)

management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Decreases hepatic glucose production, intestinal glucose absorption, and
increases sensitivity to insulin

57
Q

Insulin aspart
(Novolog)
Insulin lispro
(Humalog)

A

Rapid acting insulin

Control of hyperglycemia in type 1 and 2

Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and fat, inhibiting hepatic glucose production

Onset of action- within 15min
peak-1-2 hours
duration- 3-4 hours

novolog
5-15min
40-50min
4-6 hours

58
Q

Regular insulin
(Humulin R, Novolin R)

A

Short Acting

Control Hyperglycemia
Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake and inhibiting hepatic glucose production

onset- 30-60min
peak 2-4 hours
duration 5-7 hours

59
Q

NPH insulin
(Humulin N, Novolin N)

A

Intermediate acting

Lowers blood glucose

onset 2-4 hours
peak 4-10 hours
Duration 10-16 hours

60
Q

Insulin glargine
(Lantus)

A

Long-acting

onset 3-4 hours
peak none
duration 24 hours

61
Q

aluminum hydroxide
(Amphojgel)

A

Antiulcer agent
Antacids

Lowering of phosphate levels in patients with chronic renal failure
Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of peptic, duodenal, and gastric ulcers.
Hyperacidity, indigestion, reflux esophagitis

Binds phosphate in the GI tract, neutralizes gastric acid and inactivates pepsin

62
Q

magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide
(Maalox)

A

useful in a variety of GI complaints including
Hyperacidity, Indigestion, GERD, Heartburn

Neutralize gastric acid following dissolution in gastric contents
inactivate pepsin if pH is raised to >4

63
Q

cimetidine
(Tagamet)
famotidine
(Pepcid)

A

H2 Blockers

Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers.
Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcers after healing of active ulcers
Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
treatment of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach

Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site located primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion

64
Q

pantoprazole
(Protonix)

A

Proton pump inhibitos

Erosive esophagitis associated with GERD
Decreases relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms on patients with GERD
Pathologic gastric hypersecretory conditions

Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen

Nursing 1 Terminology (8 decks)

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