Medical Terms & Drugs that Cause them Flashcards
1
Q
Angioedema can be caused by which drug classes? (3)
A
- ACEIs
- ARBS
- Monoclonal antibodies (MABs)
2
Q
Which medication is contraindicated in anorexia nervosa?
A
BUPROPRION
3
Q
What drug toxicity can cause anorexia (acutely), or loss of appetite due to nausea/not able to stomach food.
A
DIGOXIN Toxicity
4
Q
Anorgasmia can be due to which drug classes that cause other sexual side effects including DECREASED libido (sexual desire)
A
SSRIs & SNRIs
5
Q
Arthralgia can be caused by which medications?(6)
A
- erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) = erythropoietin
- colony stimulating factors (CFSs) = filgrastim
- aromatase inhibitors (AIs)
- quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
- Parathyroid hormone = teriparatide
- Statins
6
Q
What serious but uncommon adverse reaction can be due to a drug like rifaximin?
A
Ascites
7
Q
What side affect can be due to antipsychotics like aripiprazole?
A
Akathisia
8
Q
Dyskinesia can be due to what medications? (2)
A
- levodopa
2. dopamine agonists
9
Q
Tardive dyskinesia is caused by what blockade?
A
Dopamine
10
Q
Which antipsychotics are NOT associated with Tardive dyskinesia? (2)
A
- quetiapine
2. clozapine
11
Q
Tardive dyskinesia is due to what medications? (2)
A
- antipsychotics
2. metoclopramide
12
Q
What drugs can cause alopecia? (3)
A
- Valproate
- Methotrexate
- Chemotherapy Drugs (Taxanes)
13
Q
Amenorrhea can be due to which medications? (3)
A
- spironolactone
- Risperidone (increases prolactin)
- paliperidone (increases prolactin)
14
Q
Which drugs are high-risk for anaphylaxis? (8)
A
- penicillin
- carbapenems
- omalizumab
- MABs
- Injectable Iron (iron dextran)
- pegloticase
- rasburicase
- IV phytonadione
15
Q
Alcohol, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, and Phenytoin and Lithium toxicity can cause?
A
Ataxia
16
Q
Cataracts can be due to what? (3)
A
- sunlight exposure
- CHRONIC use of systemic steroids
- CHRONIC use of steroid eye drops (Pred Forte)
17
Q
What polyvalent metallic cations do Quinolones & Tetracyclines chelate with and DECREASE their efficacy?
A
Fe, Al, Mg, Ca
18
Q
What happens to chelated complexes?
A
They are NOT absorbed = excreted in FECES
19
Q
What drug causes Cholelithiasis in Neonates?
A
CEFTRIAXONE
20
Q
Cholelithiasis can be due to what therapies? (5)
A
- Parenteral nutrition
- ezetimibe
- fibrates
- orlistat
- octreotide
21
Q
What therapy can cause Cholestasis? (1)
A
- Parenteral nutrition
22
Q
What conditions can cause cholestasis? (4)
A
- Pregnancy
- Liver disease
- Cancer
- Bile Duct Tumors
23
Q
What drug causes Cinchonism?
A
Quinine or quinidine (cinchona alkaloid)
OVERDOSE
24
Q
What drugs can cause crystalluria? (3)
A
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
- Sulfasalazine
- Quinolones
25
What drugs are associated with hemorrhagic cystitis?(2)
1. Ifosfamide
| 2. cyclophosphamide (high-doses)
26
What should Ifosfamide always be given with to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis?
MESNA
27
Common drugs that should be kept in the original container with the desiccant include? (11)
1. Pradaxa
2. Effient
3. Nitrostat
4. Cresemba
5. Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
6. Sofosbuvir-combo products (Epclusa, Harvoni, Vosevi)
7. Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy)
8. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread)
9. Tenofovir-combo products (Atripla, Biktarcy, Complera, Descovy, Genvoya, Odefsey, Stribild, Symtuza, Truvada, Symfi)
10. raltegravir (Isentress)
11. elvitegravir & elvitegravir-combo products (Genvoya, Stibild)
28
Dysentery due to Shigella infection is treated with which antibiotic?
AZITHROMYCIN
29
What can cause dysgeusia or metallic taste in the mouth? (7)
1. Metronidazole
2. metallic ions (antacids, potassium iodide, zinc lozenges)
3. nasal antihistamines (olopatadine)
4. telavancin
5. phenytoin
6. macrolides
7. loxapine in the Adasuve powder formulation
30
Fish oil (Lovaza) is associated with type of dysgeusia?
Fishy taste
31
Tenofovir powder has what type of dysgeusia?
Bitter Taste
32
Hyperthyroid drugs methimazole and propylthiouracil can cause what?
LOSS of taste
33
Oral steroid inhalers can cause?
Dysphonia
34
Dystonia/Dystonic reactions can be due to what drugs?
1. antipsychotics (dopamine-blockade)
| 2. levodopa
35
What is used for prophylaxis and treatment of Dystonias?
Centrally-acting anticholinergics (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl)
36
What is the drug-of-choice to reduce pain and bleeding associated with Endometriosis?
Combination oral contraceptives (COCs, which contain estrogen and progestin)
37
What is second line therapy after behavioral therapy for enuresis?
DESMOPRESSIN (oral)
38
Epistaxis (nosebleed) can be due to what therapy? (2)
1. anticoagulants (most common)
| 2. antiplatelets (some risk)
39
Eructation (burping) is common with which medications? (2)
1. Fish oil
| 2. Mesalamine (oral)
40
What drug class can cause euphoria?
opioids
41
What can cause mild euphoria?
pregabalin
42
What drugs can INCREASE prolactin and cause galactorrhea? (2)
1. risperidone
| 2. paliperidone
43
Gastritis can be due to what drugs? (2)
1. NSAIDS
| 2. Dabigatran
44
Gingival bleeding can be caused by what drug class?
1. anticoagulants (warfarin)
| 2. other drugs with bleeding risk (less commonly)
45
What drugs are known to cause gingival hyperplasia? (3)
1. phenytoin
2. verapamil
3. calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
46
Gynecomastia is commonly due to what drugs? (6)
1. Spironolactone
2. estrogen
3. testosterone
4. GnRH agonists
5. antiandrogens
6. Drugs that INCREASE prolactin (risperidone, paliperidone)
47
Clopidogrel, Heparin and Vitamin K (IM) can all cause what?
Hematoma
48
Should Vitamin K be given IM? yes/no
NO, do not give IM can cause hematoma
49
What agents have a risk for causing hematoma (and subsequent paralysis if given with epidural/spinal neuraxial anesthesia or spinal puncture? (4)
1. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs)
2. fondaparinux
3. oral direct factor Xa inhibitors
4. Some oral/injectable direct thrombin inhibitors
**Caution: anesthesia is used for surgical procedures**
50
What can cause hyperbilirubin in NEONATES?
CEFTRIAXONE
| <30 days old
51
Hyperbilirubin can be due to the use of these drugs? (3)
1. quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
2. rasburicase (Elitek)
3. several older HIV drugs
52
If a patient has a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) what drug class is contraindicated?
Fibrinolytics (alteplase, tenecteplase)
53
Intraarticular steroid injections are an option to treat what?
Acute GOUT
54
What chemotherapy drug can cause fatality if given by intrathecal injection?
Vincristine
55
What drugs are used to treat menorrhagia? (3)
1. Natazia (estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive)
2. Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing IUD)
3. Lysteda (oral form of tranexamic acid)
56
Myalgias can be due to which drugs? (2)
1. Statins
| 2. quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
57
Chemotherapy drugs cause Low WBC, RBC and Platelets also known as?
Myelosuppression
58
Nystagmus is a sign of what toxicity?
phenytoin toxicity
59
What is the primary cause of Oligohidrosis in children? (2)
Use of AEDs:
Topiramate
Zonisamide
60
What drug classes are often referenced in regards to Pre-prandial medication administration? (4)
1. regular insulin
2. rapid-acting insulin
3. meglitinides
4. alpha-glucoside inhibitors
61
Priapism can be due to what agents? (6)
1. Phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (sildenafil)
2. alprostadil
3. trazadone
4. alpha-1-blockers
5. levodopa
6. atomoxetine
62
Which BPH drug can cause Retrograde ejaculation?
Silodosin
63
What is the drug class that causes "lead-pipe" rigidity indicative of NMS?
Antipsychotics
64
What is used to treat scabies? (2)
Treated topically:
1. Permethrin (OTC/RX)
Systemically:
2. Ivermectin (RX)
65
Somnambulism (sleep walking) can be due which medications? (2)
1. Chantix (varenicline)
| 2. non-benzodiazepines (Zolpidem)
66
Somnolence is a common side effect of many drug class like? (16)
1. CNS depressants
2. dopamine agonists (Ropinirole)
3. AEDs
4. benzodiazepines
5. barbiturates
6. opioids
7. muscle relaxant (carisoprodol)
8. flibanserin (Addyi)
9. THC-derived or synthetic drugs (dronabinol)
10. sedating antihistamines (diphenhydramine)
11. centrally-acting anticholinergics (benztropine)
12. clonidine
13. guanfacine
14. antipsychotics (ALL 1st generation, MOST 2nd generation)
15. Benzonatate (Tessalon perles)
16. hypnotics (zolpidem) = intentionally (wanted effect)
67
If a patient experiences SJS/TEN from drug will it be contraindicated in that patient? Y/N
YES
68
What product can cause stomatitis if held in the mouth?
pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs)
69
This product is known for causing stomatitis with mucositis?
Methotrexate
70
Striae or stretch marks can be caused by chronic use of both oral and topical formulations of which drug class?
steroids
71
What therapies when used together are good examples of synergistic benefits obtained from dual therapy? (2)
1. opioids + non-opioids (acetaminophen + hydrocodone)
| 2. aminoglycosides + beta-lactams
72
Tachyphylaxis can occur with which medication classes? (3)
1. Nitrates (not with Bidil)
2. H2 blockers
3. Neuromuscular blockers
73
Which medication requires a 10-12 hour free period due to decreased response to the effect of the drug (tachyphylaxis) with repeat use?
1. Nitrates
74
HIT ( Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) can be diagnosed by?
1. GREATER than 50% DECREASE in platelets from baseline (that is NOT due to an acute blood loss)
75
Which medication can cause TTP?
Clopidogrel (anti-platelet)
76
Inhaled oral steroids can cause thrush, how can this be avoided?
By rinsing the oral steroid off the oral cavity (RINSE AND SPIT)
77
Tinnitus can be a symptoms of ototoxicity caused by which agents? (7)
1. Salicylate toxicity
2. aminoglycosides
3. Vancomycin
4. IV loop diuretics
5. Cisplatin
6. Mefloquine( with other neurotoxicity)
7. phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (with hearing loss)
