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NAPLEX 2020 > Medical Terms & Drugs that Cause them > Flashcards

Medical Terms & Drugs that Cause them Flashcards

1
Q

Angioedema can be caused by which drug classes? (3)

A
  1. ACEIs
  2. ARBS
  3. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs)
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2
Q

Which medication is contraindicated in anorexia nervosa?

A

BUPROPRION

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3
Q

What drug toxicity can cause anorexia (acutely), or loss of appetite due to nausea/not able to stomach food.

A

DIGOXIN Toxicity

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4
Q

Anorgasmia can be due to which drug classes that cause other sexual side effects including DECREASED libido (sexual desire)

A

SSRIs & SNRIs

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5
Q

Arthralgia can be caused by which medications?(6)

A
  1. erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) = erythropoietin
  2. colony stimulating factors (CFSs) = filgrastim
  3. aromatase inhibitors (AIs)
  4. quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
  5. Parathyroid hormone = teriparatide
  6. Statins
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6
Q

What serious but uncommon adverse reaction can be due to a drug like rifaximin?

A

Ascites

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7
Q

What side affect can be due to antipsychotics like aripiprazole?

A

Akathisia

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8
Q

Dyskinesia can be due to what medications? (2)

A
  1. levodopa

2. dopamine agonists

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9
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is caused by what blockade?

A

Dopamine

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10
Q

Which antipsychotics are NOT associated with Tardive dyskinesia? (2)

A
  1. quetiapine

2. clozapine

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11
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is due to what medications? (2)

A
  1. antipsychotics

2. metoclopramide

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12
Q

What drugs can cause alopecia? (3)

A
  1. Valproate
  2. Methotrexate
  3. Chemotherapy Drugs (Taxanes)
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13
Q

Amenorrhea can be due to which medications? (3)

A
  1. spironolactone
  2. Risperidone (increases prolactin)
  3. paliperidone (increases prolactin)
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14
Q

Which drugs are high-risk for anaphylaxis? (8)

A
  1. penicillin
  2. carbapenems
  3. omalizumab
  4. MABs
  5. Injectable Iron (iron dextran)
  6. pegloticase
  7. rasburicase
  8. IV phytonadione
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15
Q

Alcohol, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, and Phenytoin and Lithium toxicity can cause?

A

Ataxia

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16
Q

Cataracts can be due to what? (3)

A
  1. sunlight exposure
  2. CHRONIC use of systemic steroids
  3. CHRONIC use of steroid eye drops (Pred Forte)
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17
Q

What polyvalent metallic cations do Quinolones & Tetracyclines chelate with and DECREASE their efficacy?

A

Fe, Al, Mg, Ca

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18
Q

What happens to chelated complexes?

A

They are NOT absorbed = excreted in FECES

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19
Q

What drug causes Cholelithiasis in Neonates?

A

CEFTRIAXONE

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20
Q

Cholelithiasis can be due to what therapies? (5)

A
  1. Parenteral nutrition
  2. ezetimibe
  3. fibrates
  4. orlistat
  5. octreotide
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21
Q

What therapy can cause Cholestasis? (1)

A
  1. Parenteral nutrition
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22
Q

What conditions can cause cholestasis? (4)

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Liver disease
  3. Cancer
  4. Bile Duct Tumors
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23
Q

What drug causes Cinchonism?

A

Quinine or quinidine (cinchona alkaloid)

OVERDOSE

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24
Q

What drugs can cause crystalluria? (3)

A
  1. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
  2. Sulfasalazine
  3. Quinolones
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25
Q

What drugs are associated with hemorrhagic cystitis?(2)

A
  1. Ifosfamide

2. cyclophosphamide (high-doses)

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26
Q

What should Ifosfamide always be given with to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

MESNA

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27
Q

Common drugs that should be kept in the original container with the desiccant include? (11)

A
  1. Pradaxa
  2. Effient
  3. Nitrostat
  4. Cresemba
  5. Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
  6. Sofosbuvir-combo products (Epclusa, Harvoni, Vosevi)
  7. Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy)
  8. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread)
  9. Tenofovir-combo products (Atripla, Biktarcy, Complera, Descovy, Genvoya, Odefsey, Stribild, Symtuza, Truvada, Symfi)
  10. raltegravir (Isentress)
  11. elvitegravir & elvitegravir-combo products (Genvoya, Stibild)
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28
Q

Dysentery due to Shigella infection is treated with which antibiotic?

A

AZITHROMYCIN

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29
Q

What can cause dysgeusia or metallic taste in the mouth? (7)

A
  1. Metronidazole
  2. metallic ions (antacids, potassium iodide, zinc lozenges)
  3. nasal antihistamines (olopatadine)
  4. telavancin
  5. phenytoin
  6. macrolides
  7. loxapine in the Adasuve powder formulation
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30
Q

Fish oil (Lovaza) is associated with type of dysgeusia?

A

Fishy taste

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31
Q

Tenofovir powder has what type of dysgeusia?

A

Bitter Taste

32
Q

Hyperthyroid drugs methimazole and propylthiouracil can cause what?

A

LOSS of taste

33
Q

Oral steroid inhalers can cause?

A

Dysphonia

34
Q

Dystonia/Dystonic reactions can be due to what drugs?

A
  1. antipsychotics (dopamine-blockade)

2. levodopa

35
Q

What is used for prophylaxis and treatment of Dystonias?

A

Centrally-acting anticholinergics (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl)

36
Q

What is the drug-of-choice to reduce pain and bleeding associated with Endometriosis?

A

Combination oral contraceptives (COCs, which contain estrogen and progestin)

37
Q

What is second line therapy after behavioral therapy for enuresis?

A

DESMOPRESSIN (oral)

38
Q

Epistaxis (nosebleed) can be due to what therapy? (2)

A
  1. anticoagulants (most common)

2. antiplatelets (some risk)

39
Q

Eructation (burping) is common with which medications? (2)

A
  1. Fish oil

2. Mesalamine (oral)

40
Q

What drug class can cause euphoria?

A

opioids

41
Q

What can cause mild euphoria?

A

pregabalin

42
Q

What drugs can INCREASE prolactin and cause galactorrhea? (2)

A
  1. risperidone

2. paliperidone

43
Q

Gastritis can be due to what drugs? (2)

A
  1. NSAIDS

2. Dabigatran

44
Q

Gingival bleeding can be caused by what drug class?

A
  1. anticoagulants (warfarin)

2. other drugs with bleeding risk (less commonly)

45
Q

What drugs are known to cause gingival hyperplasia? (3)

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. verapamil
  3. calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
46
Q

Gynecomastia is commonly due to what drugs? (6)

A
  1. Spironolactone
  2. estrogen
  3. testosterone
  4. GnRH agonists
  5. antiandrogens
  6. Drugs that INCREASE prolactin (risperidone, paliperidone)
47
Q

Clopidogrel, Heparin and Vitamin K (IM) can all cause what?

A

Hematoma

48
Q

Should Vitamin K be given IM? yes/no

A

NO, do not give IM can cause hematoma

49
Q

What agents have a risk for causing hematoma (and subsequent paralysis if given with epidural/spinal neuraxial anesthesia or spinal puncture? (4)

A
  1. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs)
  2. fondaparinux
  3. oral direct factor Xa inhibitors
  4. Some oral/injectable direct thrombin inhibitors

Caution: anesthesia is used for surgical procedures

50
Q

What can cause hyperbilirubin in NEONATES?

A

CEFTRIAXONE

<30 days old

51
Q

Hyperbilirubin can be due to the use of these drugs? (3)

A
  1. quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
  2. rasburicase (Elitek)
  3. several older HIV drugs
52
Q

If a patient has a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) what drug class is contraindicated?

A

Fibrinolytics (alteplase, tenecteplase)

53
Q

Intraarticular steroid injections are an option to treat what?

A

Acute GOUT

54
Q

What chemotherapy drug can cause fatality if given by intrathecal injection?

A

Vincristine

55
Q

What drugs are used to treat menorrhagia? (3)

A
  1. Natazia (estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive)
  2. Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing IUD)
  3. Lysteda (oral form of tranexamic acid)
56
Q

Myalgias can be due to which drugs? (2)

A
  1. Statins

2. quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)

57
Q

Chemotherapy drugs cause Low WBC, RBC and Platelets also known as?

A

Myelosuppression

58
Q

Nystagmus is a sign of what toxicity?

A

phenytoin toxicity

59
Q

What is the primary cause of Oligohidrosis in children? (2)

A

Use of AEDs:
Topiramate
Zonisamide

60
Q

What drug classes are often referenced in regards to Pre-prandial medication administration? (4)

A
  1. regular insulin
  2. rapid-acting insulin
  3. meglitinides
  4. alpha-glucoside inhibitors
61
Q

Priapism can be due to what agents? (6)

A
  1. Phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (sildenafil)
  2. alprostadil
  3. trazadone
  4. alpha-1-blockers
  5. levodopa
  6. atomoxetine
62
Q

Which BPH drug can cause Retrograde ejaculation?

A

Silodosin

63
Q

What is the drug class that causes “lead-pipe” rigidity indicative of NMS?

A

Antipsychotics

64
Q

What is used to treat scabies? (2)

A

Treated topically:
1. Permethrin (OTC/RX)
Systemically:
2. Ivermectin (RX)

65
Q

Somnambulism (sleep walking) can be due which medications? (2)

A
  1. Chantix (varenicline)

2. non-benzodiazepines (Zolpidem)

66
Q

Somnolence is a common side effect of many drug class like? (16)

A
  1. CNS depressants
  2. dopamine agonists (Ropinirole)
  3. AEDs
  4. benzodiazepines
  5. barbiturates
  6. opioids
  7. muscle relaxant (carisoprodol)
  8. flibanserin (Addyi)
  9. THC-derived or synthetic drugs (dronabinol)
  10. sedating antihistamines (diphenhydramine)
  11. centrally-acting anticholinergics (benztropine)
  12. clonidine
  13. guanfacine
  14. antipsychotics (ALL 1st generation, MOST 2nd generation)
  15. Benzonatate (Tessalon perles)
  16. hypnotics (zolpidem) = intentionally (wanted effect)
67
Q

If a patient experiences SJS/TEN from drug will it be contraindicated in that patient? Y/N

A

YES

68
Q

What product can cause stomatitis if held in the mouth?

A

pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs)

69
Q

This product is known for causing stomatitis with mucositis?

A

Methotrexate

70
Q

Striae or stretch marks can be caused by chronic use of both oral and topical formulations of which drug class?

A

steroids

71
Q

What therapies when used together are good examples of synergistic benefits obtained from dual therapy? (2)

A
  1. opioids + non-opioids (acetaminophen + hydrocodone)

2. aminoglycosides + beta-lactams

72
Q

Tachyphylaxis can occur with which medication classes? (3)

A
  1. Nitrates (not with Bidil)
  2. H2 blockers
  3. Neuromuscular blockers
73
Q

Which medication requires a 10-12 hour free period due to decreased response to the effect of the drug (tachyphylaxis) with repeat use?

A
  1. Nitrates
74
Q

HIT ( Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) can be diagnosed by?

A
  1. GREATER than 50% DECREASE in platelets from baseline (that is NOT due to an acute blood loss)
75
Q

Which medication can cause TTP?

A

Clopidogrel (anti-platelet)

76
Q

Inhaled oral steroids can cause thrush, how can this be avoided?

A

By rinsing the oral steroid off the oral cavity (RINSE AND SPIT)

77
Q

Tinnitus can be a symptoms of ototoxicity caused by which agents? (7)

A
  1. Salicylate toxicity
  2. aminoglycosides
  3. Vancomycin
  4. IV loop diuretics
  5. Cisplatin
  6. Mefloquine( with other neurotoxicity)
  7. phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (with hearing loss)

NAPLEX 2020 (19 decks)

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