Medical Terminoogy Chapter 6: Digestive System Flashcards
what is the structure of the digestive system?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
what is the function of the digestive system?
breaks down food; prepares food for absorption and eliminates waste substances
what is the oral cavity and what is its function?
first part of the digestive system and where the mechanical chewing happens
name the three parts of the small and describe their location?
duodenum, first segment; jejunum, second segment; ileum, third segment
name the first four sections of the colon?
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
describe the shape, location and function of the pancreas?
long, flattened organ; inferior to the stomach; produces digestive enzymes and insulin
describe the location and main function of the gallbladder?
inferior surface of the liver; stores the bile
combining form for gums
gingiv/o
discharge or flow through:
diarrhea
without an appetite:
anorexia
swallowing, eating (that is) painful or difficult
dysphagia
after a meal:
post/prandial
pertaining to under or below the tongue:
sub/lingu/al
visual examination within or in (an organ):
endoscopy
Postprandial hyperglycemia :
An exaggerated rise in blood sugar following a meal.
vomiting blood:
hemat/emesis
Tumor of the pancreas:
pancreat/oma
instrument for examining the stomach:
gastroscope
enlargement of the liver:
hepatomegaly
disease of the intestine (usually the small intestine):
enteropathy
inflammation of the gums:
gingivitis
appendicitis:
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis treatment?
appendectomy; surgery within 48 hours to avoid fecal matter released into peritoneal cavity
Mr. R., a smoker and heavy drinker, complains of dysphagia for the past 4 months. After various tests, he is diagnosed with cancer of the
esophagus
The physician informs Ms. J. that her appendicitis may be the result of an obstruction or infection caused by a hard mass of fecal matter. This type of mass is diagnosed as a
fecalith
diverticulitis:
acute inflammation of diverticulae
Ms. O.’s radiograph shows pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of her colon. These small, blisterlike pockets are diagnosed as
diverticulae
The nurse charts Mr. J.’s complaint of extreme constipation as
obstipation
Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis
Formation or presence of gallstones within the gallbladder or bile ducts
surgical treatment for Cholelithiasis
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; minimal invasive procedure
surgical treatment choledocholithiasis
Choledocholithotomy; incision into the common bile duct to remove the stones
acute onset of URQ abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder and back, and she complains of nausea and vomiting. The physician suspects gallstone formation in the gallbladder and orders several diagnostic tests to confirm his evaluation.
cholecystolithiasis
Mr. F. is scheduled for ultrasound treatment to pulverize his gallstones. This nonsurgical procedure, abbreviated ESWL, is called
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
anastomosis
connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other
ascites:
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
borborygmus:
audible abdominal sound caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
cachexia
: state of ill-health, malnutrition, and wasting that may occur in many chronic diseases, malignancies, and infections
dysentery
diarrhea containing blood and mucus, resulting from inflammation of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
Bariatric surgery:
Surgical alteration of the stomach as a treatment for morbid obesity
Colostomy:
Excision of a diseased part of the colon and creation of a new opening in the abdominal wall, where fecal flow is diverted to a colostomy bag
Polypectomy:
Excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface
to treat morbid obesity in which he staples the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and inserts a band to restrict food consumption. This bariatric procedure is known as vertical
banded gastroplasty
Endoscopy:
Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
Colonoscopy:
Examination of the entire length of the colon
Barium enema:
X-ray of rectum and colon following administration of barium sulfate into the rectum
Barium swallow:
X-ray of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate
Ultrasonography (US):
High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) directed at soft tissue to produce an image on a monitor of internal body structures
Instrument for examining the rectum and sigmoid colon
proct/o/sigmoid/o/scope
Process of recording (x-ray) a bile vessel:
cholangi/o/graphy or chol/angi/o/graphy
The prescribed medication, which controls nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain, is called an
antiemetic
The physician instructs her to increase her fluid intake and prescribes a drug that will control her loose bowel movements. The drug is known as an
antidiarrheal
A patient diagnosed with excessive stomach acid is treated with an
antacid
