Medical Terminoogy Chapter 6: Digestive System

Question 1

what is the structure of the digestive system?

Answer 1

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines

Question 2

what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Answer 2

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 3

what is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 3

breaks down food; prepares food for absorption and eliminates waste substances

Question 4

what is the oral cavity and what is its function?

Answer 4

first part of the digestive system and where the mechanical chewing happens

Question 5

name the three parts of the small and describe their location?

Answer 5

duodenum, first segment; jejunum, second segment; ileum, third segment

Question 6

name the first four sections of the colon?

Answer 6

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

Question 7

describe the shape, location and function of the pancreas?

Answer 7

long, flattened organ; inferior to the stomach; produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Question 8

describe the location and main function of the gallbladder?

Answer 8

inferior surface of the liver; stores the bile

Question 9

combining form for gums

Answer 9

gingiv/o

Question 10

discharge or flow through:

Answer 10

diarrhea

Question 11

without an appetite:

Answer 11

anorexia

Question 12

swallowing, eating (that is) painful or difficult

Answer 12

dysphagia

Question 13

after a meal:

Answer 13

post/prandial

Question 14

pertaining to under or below the tongue:

Answer 14

sub/lingu/al

Question 15

visual examination within or in (an organ):

Answer 15

endoscopy

Question 16

Postprandial hyperglycemia :

Answer 16

An exaggerated rise in blood sugar following a meal.

Question 17

vomiting blood:

Answer 17

hemat/emesis

Question 18

Tumor of the pancreas:

Answer 18

pancreat/oma

Question 19

instrument for examining the stomach:

Answer 19

gastroscope

Question 20

enlargement of the liver:

Answer 20

hepatomegaly

Question 21

disease of the intestine (usually the small intestine):

Answer 21

enteropathy

Question 22

inflammation of the gums:

Answer 22

gingivitis

Question 23

appendicitis:

Answer 23

inflammation of the appendix

Question 24

appendicitis treatment?

Answer 24

appendectomy; surgery within 48 hours to avoid fecal matter released into peritoneal cavity

Question 25

Mr. R., a smoker and heavy drinker, complains of dysphagia for the past 4 months. After various tests, he is diagnosed with cancer of the

Answer 25

esophagus

Question 26

The physician informs Ms. J. that her appendicitis may be the result of an obstruction or infection caused by a hard mass of fecal matter. This type of mass is diagnosed as a

Answer 26

fecalith

Question 27

diverticulitis:

Answer 27

acute inflammation of diverticulae

Question 28

Ms. O.’s radiograph shows pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of her colon. These small, blisterlike pockets are diagnosed as

Answer 28

diverticulae

Question 29

The nurse charts Mr. J.’s complaint of extreme constipation as

Answer 29

obstipation

Question 30

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Answer 30

Formation or presence of gallstones within the gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 31

surgical treatment for Cholelithiasis

Answer 31

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; minimal invasive procedure

Question 32

surgical treatment choledocholithiasis

Answer 32

Choledocholithotomy; incision into the common bile duct to remove the stones

Question 33

acute onset of URQ abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder and back, and she complains of nausea and vomiting. The physician suspects gallstone formation in the gallbladder and orders several diagnostic tests to confirm his evaluation.

Answer 33

cholecystolithiasis

Question 34

Mr. F. is scheduled for ultrasound treatment to pulverize his gallstones. This nonsurgical procedure, abbreviated ESWL, is called

Answer 34

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

Question 35

anastomosis

Answer 35

connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Question 36

ascites:

Answer 36

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 37

borborygmus:

Answer 37

audible abdominal sound caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

Question 38

cachexia

Answer 38

: state of ill-health, malnutrition, and wasting that may occur in many chronic diseases, malignancies, and infections

Question 39

dysentery

Answer 39

diarrhea containing blood and mucus, resulting from inflammation of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon

Question 40

volvulus

Answer 40

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Question 41

Bariatric surgery:

Answer 41

Surgical alteration of the stomach as a treatment for morbid obesity

Question 42

Colostomy:

Answer 42

Excision of a diseased part of the colon and creation of a new opening in the abdominal wall, where fecal flow is diverted to a colostomy bag

Question 43

Polypectomy:

Answer 43

Excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface

Question 44

to treat morbid obesity in which he staples the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and inserts a band to restrict food consumption. This bariatric procedure is known as vertical

Answer 44

banded gastroplasty

Question 45

Endoscopy:

Answer 45

Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

Question 46

Colonoscopy:

Answer 46

Examination of the entire length of the colon

Question 47

Barium enema:

Answer 47

X-ray of rectum and colon following administration of barium sulfate into the rectum

Question 48

Barium swallow:

Answer 48

X-ray of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate

Question 49

Ultrasonography (US):

Answer 49

High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) directed at soft tissue to produce an image on a monitor of internal body structures

Question 50

Instrument for examining the rectum and sigmoid colon

Answer 50

proct/o/sigmoid/o/scope

Question 51

Process of recording (x-ray) a bile vessel:

Answer 51

cholangi/o/graphy or chol/angi/o/graphy

Question 52

The prescribed medication, which controls nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain, is called an

Answer 52

antiemetic

Question 53

The physician instructs her to increase her fluid intake and prescribes a drug that will control her loose bowel movements. The drug is known as an

Answer 53

antidiarrheal

Question 54

A patient diagnosed with excessive stomach acid is treated with an

Answer 54

antacid