Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
articulation
joint; place of union between two or more bones
hematopoiesis
production of blood; performed by bone marrow
ligaments
connective tissue that connects bone to bone
tendons
connective tissue binds muscle to bone; muscle contracts by the tendon, the bone joint provides movement
skeletal muscle
attached to bones and provide movement; VOLUNTARY
smooth muscle
assists in internal processes like digestion, circulation, and urination; INVOLUNTARY
cardiac muscle
only in the heart wall; INVOLUNTARY
bones are held together by?
ligaments
bones store?
calcium and other minerals
diaphysis
long main portion of the bone; “shaft”
distal and proximal epiphysis
two ends of the bone
what are the three types of muscles ?
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
what are the four types of bones?
short, long, flat, irregular
All combining forms end in what letter?
o except for pelvis it can end in I or o
inflammation of ribs and cartilage
cost/o/chondr/itis
act of measuring the pelvis
pelv/I/metry
malignant tumor of connective tissue and muscle
my/o/sarcoma
cell that breaks down bone
oste/o/clast
inflammation around the bone
peri/oste/itis
pertaining to under or below the ribs
sub/cost/al
pertaining to the sternum (breastbone) and ribs
stem/o/cost/al
pain in the calcaneum (heel bone)
calcane/o/dynia
porous bone
osteo/o/porosis
tumor composed of muscle
my/oma
binding, fixation, of a bone or joint
arthr/o/desis
rupture of muscle
my/o/rrhexis
abnormal condition of being stiff, bent, or crooked
ankyl/osis
weakness or debility of muscle
my/asthenia
softening of cartilage
chondr/o/malacia
visual examination of a joint
arthr/o/scopy
Bunion (hallux valgus)
deviation of the great toe; caused by ill-fitting shoes
bunion sign/symptoms
red, swollen, and tender
bunion treatment
nonsurgical: wide toe shoes, shoe inserts
surgical: bunionectomy; remove tissue realign the bone
Ganglion Cyst
fluid like sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
ganglion cyst common sites:
wrist, hand, or foot
ganglion cyst sign/symptoms
bone spur OSTEOPHYTE common in cysts at the far joint of the finger
treatment which drains the fluid from the ganglion is known as
aspiration
what are the different fracture types
closed (simple); open (compound); complicated; comminuted; impacted; incomplete; greenstick; colles
closed simple fracture
break w no external skin wound
open compound fracture
broke w external wound, where bone can be visible
complicated fracture
broken bone injuries an internal organ
comminuted fracture
bone broken or splintered into pieces
impacted fracture
end of bone wedged into the interior of another bone
incomplete fracture
fracture line does not include the whole bone
greenstick fracture
break in which bone is partially bent or split
colle fracture
break in lower end of radius
fracture signs/symptoms
pain, swelling and bruising
fracture treatment
closed reduction, open reduction, possibly no treatment as with rib fractures
closed reduction
manipulating the bones through the skin, followed by immobilization or fixation using casts, slings and taping
open reduction
realignment through surgical opening; using wire, plates, rods, screws and pins
