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Medical Terminology Chapter 1 & 2 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

endocardium

A

inner linning of the heart

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2
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

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3
Q

epicardium

A

top layer of the heart

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4
Q

pericardium

A

sac holding the heart

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5
Q

atria does what?

A

receives the blood

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6
Q

what does the right atria do?

A

deoxygenated blood from venae cavae

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7
Q

what does the left atria?

A

oxygenated blood from the lungs

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8
Q

what do the ventricles do?

A

pump blood from the heart

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9
Q

what does the right ventricle do (pulmonary circulation)?

A

pumps blood to lungs for oxygenation

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10
Q

what does the left atria do (systemic circulation)?

A

pumps blood through the aorta to the body systems

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11
Q

what do heart valves prevent?

A

backflow; regurgitation of blood

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12
Q

tricuspid valve:

A

from right ventricle into right atrium

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13
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve:

A

from the left ventricle into the left atrium

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14
Q

pulmonic valve:

A

from the pulmonary artery into right ventricle

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15
Q

aortic valve:

A

from aorta into left ventricle

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16
Q

arteries do what and carry what (strong muscular wall)?

A

carry blood away from the heart; and carry oxygenated blood

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17
Q

capillaries:

A

join arterial system; have thin walls to allow exchange of blood and body tissues; vessels composed of endothelial cells

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18
Q

what do the veins do and what does it carry (contain valves to return blood)?

A

carry blood to the heart; carry deoxygenated blood

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19
Q

what is the main function of the heart?

A

To propel blood for the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and immune substances in the body

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20
Q

what structures prevent backflow of blood?

A

Heart valves—the bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic valve, and pulmonic valve

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21
Q

list the tree major types if blood vessels and the function of each?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart; capillaries join the arterial system with the venous system.

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22
Q

Which blood vessels contains valves? why?

A

Veins possess valves to prevent backflow of blood because it commonly must travel against gravity to return to the heart.

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23
Q

list four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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24
Q

How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different from other arteries and veins of the body?

A

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

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25
Q

heart:

A

cardio

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26
Q

atrium:

A

atrio

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27
Q

ventricle:

A

ventriculo

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28
Q

septum:

A

septo

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29
Q

vein:

A

phlebo

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30
Q

artery:

A

aterio

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31
Q

valve:

A

valvul.valvo

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32
Q

CF for fatty plaque:

A

athero

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33
Q

CF for embolus:

A

embolo

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34
Q

CF of pulse:

A

sphygmo

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35
Q

CF of muscle:

A

myo

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36
Q

atherosclerosis:

A

fatty plaque hardening ing the artery (buildup)

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37
Q

pertaining across the septum:

A

trans/sept/al

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38
Q

destruction of a blood clot:

A

thromb/o/lysis

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39
Q

pertaining to the ventricle:

A

ventricul/ar

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40
Q

tumor of the fatty plaque:

A

atheroma

41
Q

pertaining to within a vessel:

A

endo/vascul/ar

42
Q

inflammation of an arteriole:

A

arteriol/itis

43
Q

condition of an embolus:

A

embol/ism

44
Q

pertaining to the muscle of the heart:

A

my/o/cardi/al

45
Q

narrowing of the aorta:

A

aorta/o/stenosis

46
Q

rupture of the heart:

A

cardi/o/rrhexis

47
Q

condition of a heart without rhythm:

A

a/rrythm/ia

48
Q

enlargement of the ventricles:

A

ventricul/o/megaly

49
Q

condition of a slow heart (beat):

A

brady/card/ia

50
Q

process of recording the heart:

A

cardi/o/graphy

51
Q

resembling a pulse

A

sphygm/oid

52
Q

tumor of a blood vessel

A

hemangi/oid

53
Q

condition of a rapid heat beat:

A

tachycardia

54
Q

arteriosclerosis:

A

PROGRESSIVE; degenerative disease of the arteries; caused by build up of fatty plaque

55
Q

Claudication:

A

pain triggered by walking

56
Q

arteriosclerosis treatment:

A

plaque surgically removed; stent that is put in

57
Q

undergo removal of plaque buildup from his carotid artery, a surgical procedure called

A

endarterectomy

58
Q

excessive buildup of plaque on the carotid artery may cause a

A

stroke

59
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD):

A

Any disorder of the coronary arteries that affects their ability to deliver blood to the myocardium

60
Q

in death of distal tissues, a condition called

A

infarction or necrosis

61
Q

CAD signs and symptoms:

A

diapherisis; pallor; angina pain; shortness of breath

62
Q

CAD treatment:

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); CABG

63
Q

the doctor concludes that his symptoms are the result of a decrease of oxygen in the heart muscle, a condition called

A

ischemia

64
Q

aneurysm:

A

dilation of an artery; can cause thrombus, hemorrhage from rupture; common in brain and aorta of chest

65
Q

aneurysm s/s:

A

tachycardia; hypotension; weakness

66
Q

An aneurysm may cause weakness, sweating, tachycardia, and low blood pressure, also known as

A

hypotension

67
Q

the doctor palpates a pulsating mass in the patient’s abdomen. This sign is characteristic of an

A

aneurysm

68
Q

spindle-shaped aneurysm in a patient’s artery. This type of aneurysm is known as a

A

fusiform aneurysm

69
Q

varicose veins:

A

Twisted, enlarged veins caused by blood pooling in the veins, especially in the legs

70
Q

varicose veins s/s:

A

twisted veins on legs; skin ulcers; itching; burning sensation

71
Q

varicose veins treatment:

A

life changes: avoid long periods of standing; wearing compression stockings
surgery: laser ablation; sclerotherapy

72
Q

Recently, he developed skin ulcers on his lower legs. His wife asked what caused the ulcers. The nurse explains that skin ulcers are a complication associated with:

A

Varicose Veins

73
Q

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm; also called dysrhythmia

A

arrhythmia

74
Q

mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in the blood until it becomes lodged in a vessel

A

embolus

75
Q

in adults, a persistently elevated blood pressure that exceeds a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg

A

hypertension

76
Q

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

A

infarct

77
Q

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply resulting from circulatory obstruction

A

ischemia

78
Q

slender, threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

A

stent

79
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG):

A

treatment for COD; Grafted vessel anastomosed around a blocked segment of the coronary artery

80
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA

A

placed in the sight of plaque

81
Q

The surgeon proposes an endovascular procedure using a balloon catheter to reopen the narrowed blood vessels and restore blood flow. This procedures is known as an

A

angioplasty

82
Q

carotid artery ultrasound:

A

that uses an ultrasound probe passed over the carotid arteries to produce images of the carotid arteries

83
Q

Endarterectomy:

A

Procedure to remove atheromatous plaque from the inner lining of the carotid artery

84
Q

the doctor diagnoses her condition as hardening of the carotid artery and proposes implantation of a device to hold this vessel open. This device is known as a

A

stent

85
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

A

that records electrical impulses of the heart using electrodes placed strategically on the body

86
Q

ECG

A

stress test

87
Q

To evaluate her symptoms, the nurse administers a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of her heart. This test, known as an

A

electrocardiogram

88
Q

holter monitor test:

A

portable system will record his ECG tracings for 48 hours

89
Q

Coronary angiography

A

Radiological procedure that visualizes the coronary arteries

90
Q

record of electrical (activity) of the heart:

A

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

91
Q

process of recording electrical (activity) of the heart:

A

electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

92
Q

process of recording (radiography) a vein

A

ven/o/graphy

93
Q

process of recording (radiography) the aorta:

A

aort/o/graphy

94
Q

process of recording the arteries (of the heart):

A

angi/o/graphy

95
Q

surgical repair of a valve:

A

valvul/o/plasty

96
Q

diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis in her lower leg. Her doctor prescribes a drug that dissolves a blood clot, known as a

A

thrombolytic

97
Q

diagnoses him with hypercholesterolemia. The doctor advises him to follow a low-fat diet and prescribes a drug that reduces cholesterol levels, known as a

A

statin

98
Q

She is now diagnosed with recurring CAD. To relieve her “tightening chest pain,” the doctor prescribes a drug called a

A

nitrate

99
Q

BP is persistently over 150/95. To address this problem, the doctor prescribes a

A

beta blocker

Medical Terminology Chapter 1 & 2 (8 decks)

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