Cardiovascular Flashcards
endocardium
inner linning of the heart
myocardium
heart muscle
epicardium
top layer of the heart
pericardium
sac holding the heart
atria does what?
receives the blood
what does the right atria do?
deoxygenated blood from venae cavae
what does the left atria?
oxygenated blood from the lungs
what do the ventricles do?
pump blood from the heart
what does the right ventricle do (pulmonary circulation)?
pumps blood to lungs for oxygenation
what does the left atria do (systemic circulation)?
pumps blood through the aorta to the body systems
what do heart valves prevent?
backflow; regurgitation of blood
tricuspid valve:
from right ventricle into right atrium
bicuspid (mitral) valve:
from the left ventricle into the left atrium
pulmonic valve:
from the pulmonary artery into right ventricle
aortic valve:
from aorta into left ventricle
arteries do what and carry what (strong muscular wall)?
carry blood away from the heart; and carry oxygenated blood
capillaries:
join arterial system; have thin walls to allow exchange of blood and body tissues; vessels composed of endothelial cells
what do the veins do and what does it carry (contain valves to return blood)?
carry blood to the heart; carry deoxygenated blood
what is the main function of the heart?
To propel blood for the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and immune substances in the body
what structures prevent backflow of blood?
Heart valves—the bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic valve, and pulmonic valve
list the tree major types if blood vessels and the function of each?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart; capillaries join the arterial system with the venous system.
Which blood vessels contains valves? why?
Veins possess valves to prevent backflow of blood because it commonly must travel against gravity to return to the heart.
list four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different from other arteries and veins of the body?
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.
heart:
cardio
atrium:
atrio
ventricle:
ventriculo
septum:
septo
vein:
phlebo
artery:
aterio
valve:
valvul.valvo
CF for fatty plaque:
athero
CF for embolus:
embolo
CF of pulse:
sphygmo
CF of muscle:
myo
atherosclerosis:
fatty plaque hardening ing the artery (buildup)
pertaining across the septum:
trans/sept/al
destruction of a blood clot:
thromb/o/lysis
pertaining to the ventricle:
ventricul/ar
tumor of the fatty plaque:
atheroma
pertaining to within a vessel:
endo/vascul/ar
inflammation of an arteriole:
arteriol/itis
condition of an embolus:
embol/ism
pertaining to the muscle of the heart:
my/o/cardi/al
narrowing of the aorta:
aorta/o/stenosis
rupture of the heart:
cardi/o/rrhexis
condition of a heart without rhythm:
a/rrythm/ia
enlargement of the ventricles:
ventricul/o/megaly
condition of a slow heart (beat):
brady/card/ia
process of recording the heart:
cardi/o/graphy
resembling a pulse
sphygm/oid
tumor of a blood vessel
hemangi/oid
condition of a rapid heat beat:
tachycardia
arteriosclerosis:
PROGRESSIVE; degenerative disease of the arteries; caused by build up of fatty plaque
Claudication:
pain triggered by walking
arteriosclerosis treatment:
plaque surgically removed; stent that is put in
undergo removal of plaque buildup from his carotid artery, a surgical procedure called
endarterectomy
excessive buildup of plaque on the carotid artery may cause a
stroke
coronary artery disease (CAD):
Any disorder of the coronary arteries that affects their ability to deliver blood to the myocardium
in death of distal tissues, a condition called
infarction or necrosis
CAD signs and symptoms:
diapherisis; pallor; angina pain; shortness of breath
CAD treatment:
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); CABG
the doctor concludes that his symptoms are the result of a decrease of oxygen in the heart muscle, a condition called
ischemia
aneurysm:
dilation of an artery; can cause thrombus, hemorrhage from rupture; common in brain and aorta of chest
aneurysm s/s:
tachycardia; hypotension; weakness
An aneurysm may cause weakness, sweating, tachycardia, and low blood pressure, also known as
hypotension
the doctor palpates a pulsating mass in the patient’s abdomen. This sign is characteristic of an
aneurysm
spindle-shaped aneurysm in a patient’s artery. This type of aneurysm is known as a
fusiform aneurysm
varicose veins:
Twisted, enlarged veins caused by blood pooling in the veins, especially in the legs
varicose veins s/s:
twisted veins on legs; skin ulcers; itching; burning sensation
varicose veins treatment:
life changes: avoid long periods of standing; wearing compression stockings
surgery: laser ablation; sclerotherapy
Recently, he developed skin ulcers on his lower legs. His wife asked what caused the ulcers. The nurse explains that skin ulcers are a complication associated with:
Varicose Veins
inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm; also called dysrhythmia
arrhythmia
mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in the blood until it becomes lodged in a vessel
embolus
in adults, a persistently elevated blood pressure that exceeds a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg
hypertension
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
infarct
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply resulting from circulatory obstruction
ischemia
slender, threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries
stent
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG):
treatment for COD; Grafted vessel anastomosed around a blocked segment of the coronary artery
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA
placed in the sight of plaque
The surgeon proposes an endovascular procedure using a balloon catheter to reopen the narrowed blood vessels and restore blood flow. This procedures is known as an
angioplasty
carotid artery ultrasound:
that uses an ultrasound probe passed over the carotid arteries to produce images of the carotid arteries
Endarterectomy:
Procedure to remove atheromatous plaque from the inner lining of the carotid artery
the doctor diagnoses her condition as hardening of the carotid artery and proposes implantation of a device to hold this vessel open. This device is known as a
stent
Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
that records electrical impulses of the heart using electrodes placed strategically on the body
ECG
stress test
To evaluate her symptoms, the nurse administers a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of her heart. This test, known as an
electrocardiogram
holter monitor test:
portable system will record his ECG tracings for 48 hours
Coronary angiography
Radiological procedure that visualizes the coronary arteries
record of electrical (activity) of the heart:
electr/o/cardi/o/gram
process of recording electrical (activity) of the heart:
electr/o/cardi/o/graphy
process of recording (radiography) a vein
ven/o/graphy
process of recording (radiography) the aorta:
aort/o/graphy
process of recording the arteries (of the heart):
angi/o/graphy
surgical repair of a valve:
valvul/o/plasty
diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis in her lower leg. Her doctor prescribes a drug that dissolves a blood clot, known as a
thrombolytic
diagnoses him with hypercholesterolemia. The doctor advises him to follow a low-fat diet and prescribes a drug that reduces cholesterol levels, known as a
statin
She is now diagnosed with recurring CAD. To relieve her “tightening chest pain,” the doctor prescribes a drug called a
nitrate
BP is persistently over 150/95. To address this problem, the doctor prescribes a
beta blocker
