Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 11 Flashcards
1
Q
alopecia
A
is the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp.
2
Q
blepharoplasty
A
Also known as a lid lift. The surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin.
3
Q
bulla
A
a large blister more than 0.5 in diameter.
4
Q
capillary hemangioma
A
a soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark.
5
Q
carbuncle
A
a cluster of connected furuncles (boils).
6
Q
cellulitis
A
an acute rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues, that is characterized by swelling and warmth.
7
Q
chloasma
A
a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face.
8
Q
cicatrix
A
a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.
9
Q
comedo
A
a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle
10
Q
debridement
A
removal or dirt or foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection.
11
Q
dermatitis
A
inflammation of the skin.
12
Q
diaphoresis
A
is profuse sweating.
13
Q
dysplastic nevi
A
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer.
14
Q
ecchymosis
A
a bruise, a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin.
15
Q
eczema
A
form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness
16
Q
erythema
A
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
17
Q
erythroderma
A
abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.
18
Q
exanthem
A
a widespread rash, usually in children
19
Q
exfoliative dermatitis
A
a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin.
20
Q
folliculitis
A
an inflammation of the hair follicles.
21
Q
furuncles
A
also known as boils, large tender, swollen areas caused by staphylococcal infection around the hair follicle or sebaceous glands
22
Q
granuloma
A
a general term used to describe a small, knot like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis.
23
Q
hematoma
A
a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues.
24
Q
hirsutism
A
the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern.
25
ichthyosis
a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin.
26
impetigo
a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that occurs in children.
27
keloid
an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision.
28
keratosis
any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin.
29
koilonychia
a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon.
30
lipedema
chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs.
31
lipoma
a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
32
macule
a discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter. freckles or flat moles.
33
malignant melanoma
a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes. the most serious type of skin cancer.
34
necrotizing fasciitis
a severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria.
35
onychocryptosis
ingrown toenail, the edges of the toenail curve inward and cut into the skin.
36
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of the nail.
37
papilloma
a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.
38
papule
a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus. small pimples and insect bites.
39
paronychia
an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail.
40
pediculosis
an infestation with lice.
41
petechiae
very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2mm in diameter.
42
pruritus
itching associated with most forms of dermatitis.
43
psoriasis
a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back or buttocks.
44
purpura
the apperance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.
45
purulent
means producing or containing pus
46
rhytidectomy
also known as a face lift. the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles.
47
rosacea
also known as adult acne. tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels.
48
scabies
a skin infestation of itch mites.
49
scleroderma
autoimmune disorder in which connective tissues become thickened and hardened
50
seborrhea
is overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum
51
squamous cell carcinoma
orginates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium.
52
systemic lupus erythematosus
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems, especially in the joints.
53
tinea
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails. also known as ringworm.
54
urticaria
also known as hives, itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction.
55
verrucae
small, hard skin lesions caused by hpv. (warts)
56
vitiligo
a skin condition resulting from destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes.
57
wheal
a small bump that itches. (welts)
58
xeroderma
also known as xerosis, excessively dry skin
59
skin
forms the protective outer covering to the external organs
60
sebaceous glands
secrete sebumm (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin. Closely associated with hair follicles, located in the dermis layer.
61
sweat glands
help regulate the body temperature and water content by secreting sweat
62
hair
controls the lost of body heat
63
nails
protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger
64
epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues.
65
epithelial tissues
form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body.
66
squamous epithelial tissue
forms the upper layer of the epidermis
67
basal layer
the lowest layer of the epidermis
68
keratin
a fibrous, water-repellent protein
69
melanocytes
special cells that are found in the basal cell layer.
70
melanin
the pigment that determines the color of the skin.
71
dermis
the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis.
72
sensory nerve ending
sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure
73
collagen
tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin, and also bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
74
mast cells
found in the connective tissue of the dermis respond to injury, infection, or allergy
75
heparin
an anticoagulant that is released in response to an injury
76
histamine
released in response to allergens
77
subcutaneous layer
located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to surface muscles.
78
adipose tissue
layer made up of loose connective tissue.
79
lipocytes
predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat
80
sebum
is an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles
81
mammary glands
milk producing modified sebaceous glands
82
hidrosis
the production and excretion of perspiration
83
arrector pili
are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause hair to stand erect
84
hair follicles
are sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
85
unguis
commonly known as the fingernail or toenail
86
lunula
the pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root
87
cuticle
a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root
88
nail root
fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin.
89
dermatologist
specializes in treatment of the skin
90
plastic surgeon
specializes in physical restoration and reconstruction of body structures
91
acne vulgaris
commonly known as acne. a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by sebum around the hair shaft
92
sebaceous cyst
a closed sac associated with a sebaceous gland that is found under the skin.
93
seborrheic dermatitis
an inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp
94
seborrheic keratosis
a benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted on look.
95
anhidrosis
the abnormal conditon of lacking sweat in response to heat.
96
heat rash
an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells.
97
hyperhidrosis
condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body.
98
sleep hyperhidrosis
the occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep.
99
trichomycosis axillaris
is superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands, such as the armpits.
100
alopecia areata
causes well defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body. usually occurs in childhood
101
alopecia totalis
uncommon caused by total loss of hair on the scalp.
102
alopecia universalis
total loss of hair on all parts of the body.
103
clubbing
abnormal curving of the nails accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
104
onychia
an inflammation of the matrix of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail.
105
onychophagia
nail biting or nail eating
106
contusion
an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and shows discoloration and pain.
107
nodule
a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger that 0.5 cm in diameter.
108
plaque
a scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules. lesions from psoriasis.
109
scales
are flakes or dry patches made up of excess ded epidermal cells.
110
abscess
a closed pocket containing pus that is caused by bacterial infection
111
exudate
a fluid such as pus that leaks from a wound.
112
cyst
an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or semisolid material
113
pustule
a small cicumscribed lesion containing pus, also known as a pimple.
114
vesicle
a small blister, containing watery fluid
115
abrasion
an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away.
116
fissure
a groove or crack-like break in the skin. also describe folds in the brain.
117
laceration
a torn or jagged wound
118
pressure sore
also known as a bedsore, an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin.
119
puncture wound
a deep hole made by a sharp object.
120
ulcer
an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges.
121
pigmented birthmarks
also known as moles
122
vascular birthmarks
caused by blood vessels close to the skin surface.
123
port-wine stain
a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish purple discoloration on the face or neck.
124
dermatosis
general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation.
125
rhinophyma
also known as a bulbous nose, usually occurs in older men. overgrowth of tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea.
126
gangrene
tissue death. caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues.
127
pyoderma
any acute inflammatory pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo.
128
mycosis
abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus.
129
callus
thickening part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing.
130
granulation tissue
a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.
131
nevus
a small, dark, skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin.
132
polyp
a general term used most commonly to describe a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.
133
skin tags
are small, flesh colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks.
134
skin cancer
a harmful, malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun.
135
basal cell carcinoma
a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. lesions that occur mainly on the face or neck and tend to bleed easily.
136
burn
an injury to the body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation.
137
biopsy
the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.
138
exfoliative cytology
a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a mircoscope.
139
sunscreen
blocks out the harmful ultra-violet B rays.
140
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
141
chemabrasion
also known as a chemical peel, the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling, and keratoses.
142
cryosurgery
the destruction or elmination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen.
143
curettage
the removal of material from the surface by scraping.
144
dermabrasion
a from of abrasion involving the use of revolving wire brush or sandpaper.
145
electrodesiccation
a surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark
146
incision
a cut made with a surgical instrument.
147
Moh's sugery
a technique used to treat various types of skin cancer.
148
lipectomy
the surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance.
149
liposuction
the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction.
150
sclerotherapy
the treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline solution into the vein.
151
acr/o
"extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point."
152
adren/o
adrenal glands.
153
crin/o
secrete.
154
-dipsia
thirst.
155
glyc/o
"glucose, sugar."
156
gonad/o
gonad, sex glands.
157
-ism
condition, state of.
158
pancreat/o
pancreas.
159
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands.
160
pineal/o
pineal gland.
161
pituitar/o
pituitary gland.
162
poly-
many.
163
somat/o
body.
164
thym/o
"thymus gland, soul."
165
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland.
166
acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the extremeties caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
167
Addison's disease
occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
168
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal glands
169
aldosteronism
an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone
170
antidiuretic hormone
helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted
171
calcitonin
works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues
172
Conn's syndrome
a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone
173
cortisol
"regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body"
174
cretinism
a congenital form of hypothyroidism
175
Cushing's syndrome
caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
176
diabetes insipidus
insufficient production or utilization of the antidiuretic hormone
177
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
178
diabetic retinopathy
"occurs when diabetes damages blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment"
179
electrolytes
mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood
180
epinephrine
stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, it makes the heart beat faster and the liver release glucose; a vasoconstrictor to treat heart dysrhythmias and asthma attacks. Also known as adrenaline
181
estrogen
develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle
182
exophthalmos
an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
183
follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova; stimulates the production of sperm
184
fructosamine test
measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks
185
gestational diabetes mellitus
diabetes that develops during pregnancy and that usually resolves after pregnancy
186
gigantism
excessive largeness of stature
187
glucagon
"secreted by the pancreas, increases blood sugar by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver"
188
glucose
"Sugar, Manufactured during photosynthesis"
