Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 4 Flashcards
1
Q
chondromalacia
A
abnormal softening of cartilage
2
Q
chondroma
A
slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
3
Q
costochondritis
A
inflammation of cartilage that connects a rib to sternum
4
Q
hallux valgus
A
abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe - bunion
5
Q
hemarthrosis
A
blood within a joint
6
Q
synovitis
A
inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint
7
Q
dislocation
A
the total displacement of a bone from its joint
8
Q
subluxation
A
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
9
Q
arthritis
A
an inflammatory condition of one or more joints
10
Q
osteoarthritis (OA)
A
most commonly associated with aging (wear-and-tear arthritis)
11
Q
spondylosis
A
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
12
Q
gouty arthritis
A
a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints
13
Q
rheumatoid arthritis
A
chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
14
Q
ankylosing spondylitis
A
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
15
Q
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
A
an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
16
Q
herniated disk
A
the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots
17
Q
lumbago
A
pain of the lumbar region of the spine
18
Q
-ago
A
diseased condition
19
Q
spondylolisthesis
A
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
20
Q
-listhesis
A
slipping
21
Q
spina bifida
A
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
22
Q
kyphosis
A
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side (dowager’s hump)
23
Q
lordosis
A
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
24
Q
scoliosis
A
an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
25
craniostenosis
malformation of skull due to premature closure of cranial sutures
26
fibrous dysplasia
bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue
27
ostealgia
pain in a bone
28
osteitis
an inflammation of bone
29
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones in adults
30
osteomyelitis
an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
31
osteonecrosis
the death of bone tissue due to a lack of sufficient blood supply
32
Paget's disease
a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
33
periostitis
inflammation of periosteum
34
rickets
deficiency disease occurring in children - infantile osteomalacia
35
short stature
a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length
36
talipes
describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones)
37
primary bone cancer
a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
38
secondary bone cancer
describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs
39
myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
40
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage - exostosis
41
osteoporosis (OP)
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
42
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density in a young person - condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis
43
-penia
deficiency
44
compression fracture
occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself
45
Colles' fracture
occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands
46
osteoporotic hip fracture
usually caused by a weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall
47
fracture (Fx)
a broken bone
48
closed fracture
one in which the bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin
49
open fracture
one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
50
comminuted fracture
one in which bone is splintered or crushed
51
greenstick fracture
one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken
52
oblique fracture
occurs at an angle across the bone
53
pathologic fracture
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain - due to osteoporosis or cancer
54
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
55
stress fracture
a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
56
transverse fracture
occurs straight across the bone
57
fat embolus
can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood
58
crepitation
grating sound heard when ends of a broken bone move together
59
callus
forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break as a bone heals
60
radiograph
use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities - x-ray
61
arthroscopy
the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
62
bone marrow biopsy
a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test
63
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI, used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints
64
bone density testing (BDT)
used to determine losses or changes in bone density
65
ultrasonic bone density testing
a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass
66
dual x-ray absorptiometry
low-exposure radiographic measurement of spine and hips to measure bone density
67
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas, that affect bone marrow
68
allogenic bone marrow transplant
uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling
69
allogenic
originating with another
70
autologous bone marrow transplant
the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed
71
autologous
originating within an individual
72
autologous
originating within an individual
73
orthotic
a mechanical applicance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
74
prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated
75
arthrodesis
surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder - surgical anyylosis
76
arthrolysis
surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint - breaking down or destruction of joint
77
arthroscopic surgery
a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint
78
bursectomy
surgical removal of a bursa
79
chondroplasty
the surgical repair of damaged cartilage
80
synovectomy
surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
81
arthroplasty
surgical placement of an artificial joint
82
total knee replacement (TKR)
procedure in which all of the parts of the knee are replaced
83
partial knee replacement (PKR)
a procedure in which only part of knee is replaced
84
total hip replacement (THR)
performed to restore a adamaged hip to full function
85
bone-conserving hip resurfacing
function is restored to the hip by placing a metal cap over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a metal lining in the acetabulum
86
revision surgery
replacement of a worn or failed implant
87
percutaneous diskectomy
performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk
88
percutaneous vertebroplasty
performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures
89
laminectomy
the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra
90
spinal fusion
a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together (fusing) two or more vertebrae
91
craniectomy
the surgical removal of a portion of the skull
92
craniotomy
surgical incision or opening into the skull
93
cranioplasty
the surgical repair of the skull
94
osteoclasis
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
95
ostectomy
the surgical removal of bone
96
osteoplasty
the surgical repair of a bone or bones
97
osteorrhaphy
the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones
98
osteotomy
a surgical incision or sectioning of a bone
99
periosteotomy
an incision through the periosteum to the bone
100
closed reduction (CR)
attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation
101
immobilization
the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast
102
traction
a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
103
external fixation
a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external applicance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing
104
internal fixation
fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into bone to hold broken pieces in place
105
total hip arthroplasty (THA)
THA
106
total joint arthroplasty (TJA)
TJA
107
total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
TKA
108
bi-
twice, double, two
109
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
110
dys-
bad, difficult, or painful
111
fasci/o-
fascia, fibrous band
112
fibr/o-
fibrous tissue, fiber
113
-ia
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
114
-ic
pertaining to
115
kines/o-, kinesi/o-
movement
116
my/o-, myos/o-
muscle
117
muscul/o-
muscle
118
-plegia
paralysis, stroke (pg. 100)
119
-rrhexis
rupture
120
tax/o-
coordination, order
121
ten/o-, tend/o-, tendin/o-
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
122
ton/o-
tone, stretching, tension
123
tri-
three
124
muscle fibers
long, slender cells that make up muscles (pg. 101)
125
fascia
band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, or separates muscles or groups of muscles (plural fasciae or fascias). (pg. 101)
126
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia (pg. 101)
127
tendon
narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone, not to be confused with ligaments which connect bone to bone (pg. 101)
128
skeletal muscles
attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible - voluntary / striated (pg. 102)
129
smooth muscles
located in the walls of internal organs such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands; move and control the flow of fluids through these structures - involuntary / unstriated / visceral (pg. 102)
130
myocardial muscles
form the muscular walls of the heart; striated but involuntary - myocardium / cardiac muscle (pg. 102)
131
cardi/o-
heart
132
muscle innervation
stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve (pg. 103)
133
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle (pg. 103)
134
-malacia
abnormal softening
135
poly-
many
136
-ceps
head
137
-algia, -dynia
pain
138
-itis
inflammation
139
-penia
deficiency
140
brady-
slow
141
-asthenia
weakness or lack of strength
142
epi-
on
143
-paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
144
hemi-
half
145
quadr/i-
four
146
-otomy
surgical incision
147
-lysis
to set free
148
-desis
to bind or tie together
149
aponeurosis 96
sheetlike fibrous connective tissue that resembles a flattened tendon that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a meas of connecting muscle to bone
150
contraction
tightening of a muscle - becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly of the muscle to enlarge (pg. 103)
151
relaxation
muscle returns to its original form - becomes longer and thinner, and belly is no longer enlarged (pg. 103)
152
abduction
movement AWAY from midline of the body - abductor moves away (pg. 103)
153
ab-
away from
154
duct
to lead
155
-ion
action
156
adduction
movement TOWARD the midline of the body - adductor moves toward (pg. 103)
157
ad-
towards
158
flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at the joint (pg. 104)
159
flex
to bend (pg. 104)
160
extension
increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb (pg. 104)
161
ex-
out, away from
162
tens-
to stretch out
163
hyperextension
extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit (pg. 104)
164
elevation
the act of raising or lifting a body part (pg. 104)
165
depression
the act of lowering a body part
166
rotation
circular movement around an axis (pg. 104)
167
circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end (pg. 104)
168
supination
act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward (pg. 105)
169
pronation
rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward (pg. 105)
170
dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle - opposite of plantar flexion (pg. 105)
171
plantar flexion
movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle - opposite of dorsiflexion (pg. 105)
172
origin
place where muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or a less movable part of the skeleton - the less movable attachment (pg. 105)
173
insertion
place where muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon, farthest point from midline - more moveable attachment (pg. 105)
174
cleid/o
collar bone (pg. 105)
175
pectoralis major
thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall (pg. 106)
176
lateralis
toward the side (pg. 107)
177
vastus lateralis
muscle toward the outer side of the leg. Extends leg at the knee; part of the quadriceps group (pg. 107)
178
medialis
toward the midline (pg. 107)
179
vastus medialis
muscle toward the midline of the leg. Extends leg at the knee; part of the quadriceps group (pg. 107)
180
oblique
slanted, at an angle, slanted alignment (pg. 107)
181
rectus
in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body (pg. 108)
182
sphincter
ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway, named for the passage involved (pg. 108)
183
transverse
in a crosswise direction (pg. 108)
184
biceps brachii
located in the anterior upper arm, flexes the elbow, formed from two divisions (pg. 108)
185
triceps brachii
located in the posterior upper arm, flexes the elbow, formed from three divisions (pg. 108)
186
gluteus maximus
largest muscle of the buttock, maximus means great or large (pg. 108)
187
deltoid muscle
shaped like an inverted triangle or the Greek letter delta - forms the muscular cap of the shoulder (pg. 108)
188
hamstring group
located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles--biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus--supports knee flexion and hip extension (pg. 109)
