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HOSA Bowl > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 7 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 7 Flashcards

1
Q

hemolytic

A

destroying worn-out red blood cells and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

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2
Q

herpes zoster

A

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve

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3
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Stenberg cells

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4
Q

human immunodefiiency virus (HIV)

A

a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail

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5
Q

immunodeficiency disorder

A

occurs when the immune response is compromised

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6
Q

immunoglobulins

A

bind with specific antigens in te antigen-antibody response

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7
Q

immunosuppressant

A

a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

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8
Q

immunotherpy

A

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

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9
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes

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10
Q

inflitrating ductal carcinoma

A

starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue

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11
Q

interferon

A

a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication

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12
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of the lymph nodes

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13
Q

lymphangioma

A

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal ollection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

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14
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

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15
Q

lymphocytes

A

white blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow as stem cells

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16
Q

lymphokines

A

direct the antigen-antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system

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17
Q

lymphoma

A

a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

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18
Q

lymphoscientigraphy

A

a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

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19
Q

macrophage

A

a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells

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20
Q

malaria

A

a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes that is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

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21
Q

mammography

A

a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

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22
Q

metastasis

A

a new cancer site that results from the spreading process

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23
Q

metastasize

A

the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

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24
Q

myoma

A

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

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25
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodkin’s lymphoma

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26
Q

opportunistic infection

A

caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans

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27
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee

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28
Q

parasite

A

a plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism.

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29
Q

pathogen

A

a microorganism that causes a disease in humans

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30
Q

rabies

A

an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

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31
Q

rickettsia

A

a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

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32
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash

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33
Q

sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues

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34
Q

spirochetes

A

spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

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35
Q

splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

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36
Q

staphylococci

A

a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

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37
Q

teletherapy

A

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

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38
Q

tetanus

A

caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani and is transmitted through a cut or wound

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39
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

a parasite which is most commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces

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40
Q

varicella

A

a viral condition characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itch, fluid-fleed blisters that burt and form crusts

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41
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

a form of the sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult

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42
Q

airway inflammation

A

the swelling and clogging of the airways with mucus

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43
Q

airway obstruction

A

occurs when food or a foreign object blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs

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44
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus

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45
Q

alveoli

A

the very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole

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46
Q

anoxia

A

the absence or nearly complete absence of oxygen from the body’s gases, blood, or tissues

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47
Q

anthracosis

A

the form of pneumoconios caused by coal dust in the lungs; also known as black lung disease

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48
Q

antitussive

A

administered to prevent or relieve coughing (cough medicine)

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49
Q

aphonia

A

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

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50
Q

apnea

A

the absence of spontaneous respiration

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51
Q

asbestosis

A

the form of pneumoconios caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

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52
Q

asphyxia

A

the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function

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53
Q

asphyxiation

A

any interruption of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia; also known as suffocation

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54
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs

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55
Q

asthma

A

a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

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56
Q

atelectasis

A

a condition in which the lung fails to expand completely due to shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked

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57
Q

bacterial pneumonia

A

often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; is the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

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58
Q

bradypnea

A

an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

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59
Q

bronchi

A

formed where the trachea divides into two branches known as the primary bronchi

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60
Q

bronchioles

A

the smallest branches of the bronchi

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61
Q

bronchodilator

A

a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs

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62
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

a localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles and surrounding alveoli

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63
Q

bronchorrhea

A

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

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64
Q

bronchoscopy

A

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

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65
Q

bronchospasm

A

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut

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66
Q

byssinosis

A

caused by inhaling cotton dust into the lungs and usually occurs after working in a textile factory

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67
Q

chest imaging

A

chest x-ray; a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung tumors, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, and emphysema

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68
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea

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69
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

a condition where the airways have become inflamed and thickened, and there is an increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells

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70
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

a lung disease in which it is hard to breathe; COPD

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71
Q

cilia

A

the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils

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72
Q

collapsed lung

A

a lung that is unable to expand to receive air due to a pneumothorax or atelectasis

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73
Q

CPAP device

A

positive pressure ventilation device; treatment for sleep apnea that includes a mask, tubes, and a fan to create air pressure that pushes the tongue forward to maintain an open airway

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74
Q

croup

A

an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough

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75
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration or the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen

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76
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

77
Q

diaphragm

A

the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

78
Q

diaphragmatic breathing

A

a relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety

79
Q

diphtheria

A

an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

80
Q

dysphonia

A

any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

81
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath

82
Q

emphysema

A

the progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long-term smoking

83
Q

empyema

A

an accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity

84
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

85
Q

epiglottis

A

a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue

86
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders; also known as a nosebleed

87
Q

ethmoid sinuses

A

located in the ethmoid bones, separated from the orbital cavity by only a thin layer of bone

88
Q

eupnea

A

easy or normal breathing

89
Q

exhalation

A

the act of breathing out

90
Q

external respiration

A

the act of bringing air into and out of the lungs and exchanging gases from this air

91
Q

frontal sinuses

A

located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows; an infection here can cause severe pain in this area

92
Q

functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

A

a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

93
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum

94
Q

hemothorax

A

an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

95
Q

hypercapnia

A

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

96
Q

hyperpnea

A

an increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements

97
Q

hyperventilation

A

an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety

98
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow or slow respiration

99
Q

hypoxemia

A

a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood

100
Q

hypoxia

A

the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells; less severe than anoxia

101
Q

influenza

A

an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection that is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the colder months

102
Q

inhalation

A

the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward

103
Q

internal respiration

A

the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells, and tissues

104
Q

interstitial fibrosis

A

another name for the inflammation and thickening of the walls of the alveoli

105
Q

interstitial lung diseases

A

a group of almost 200 diseases that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures

106
Q

laryngectomy

A

the surgical removal of the larynx

107
Q

laryngitis

A

an inflammation of the larynx

108
Q

laryngopharynx

A

the third division of the pharynx, is shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems

109
Q

laryngoplasty

A

the surgical repair of the larynx

110
Q

laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of the larynx

111
Q

laryngoscopy

A

the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope

112
Q

laryngospasm

A

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

113
Q

larynx

A

the voice box; a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

114
Q

left lung

A

has 2 lobes: superior and inferior

115
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung

116
Q

lobectomy

A

the surgical removal of a lobe of the lung

117
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

consists of the bronchial tree and lungs

118
Q

lung cancer

A

a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung

119
Q

lungs

A

the organs of respiration

120
Q

Mantoux PPD skin test

A

a more accurate skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis

121
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

located in the maxillary bones; an infection here can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth

122
Q

mediastinum

A

the cavity located between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, and thymus gland

123
Q

metered-dose inhaler

A

mixes a single dose of the medication with a puff of air and pushes it into the mouth via a chemical propellant

124
Q

mucous membranes

A

the specialized tissues that line the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems

125
Q

mucus

A

secreted by the mucous membranes

126
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia

A

a milder but longer lasting form of the disease caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae

127
Q

nasal septum

A

a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

128
Q

nasopharynx

A

the first division of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth

129
Q

nebulizer

A

pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece

130
Q

olfactory receptors

A

nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell

131
Q

oropharynx

A

the second division of the pharynx, the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth

132
Q

otolaryngologist

A

a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck; also known as an ENT

133
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, located in the bones of the skull

134
Q

parietal pleura

A

the outer layer of the pleura that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung

135
Q

peak flow meter

A

a handheld device often used to test those with asthma to measure how quickly the patient can expel air

136
Q

pertussis

A

a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract

137
Q

pharyngitis

A

an inflammation of the pharynx

138
Q

pharyngoplasty

A

the surgical repair of the pharynx

139
Q

pharyngotomy

A

a surgical incision of the pharynx

140
Q

pharynx

A

the throat; receives the air after it passes through the nose

141
Q

phlegm

A

thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

142
Q

phrenic nerves

A

stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract

143
Q

pleura

A

a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage

144
Q

pleural cavity

A

the airtight area between the layers of the pleural membranes

145
Q

pleural effusion

A

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

146
Q

pleurectomy

A

the surgical removal of part of the pleura

147
Q

pleurisy

A

an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath

148
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the pleura or in the side that occurs in relation to breathing movements

149
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact

150
Q

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

A

an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis carinii

151
Q

pneumonectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

152
Q

pneumonia

A

a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid

153
Q

pneumorrhagia

A

bleeding from the lungs

154
Q

pneumothorax

A

the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse

155
Q

polysomnography

A

the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep apnea study

156
Q

pulmonary edema

A

an accumulation of fluid in lung tissue

157
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

the formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing

158
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer

159
Q

pulmonologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues

160
Q

pulse oximeter

A

an external monitor placed on the patient’s finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

161
Q

pyothorax

A

the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

162
Q

respiration

A

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that is essential to life

163
Q

respirator

A

an apparatus for administering artificial respiration in cases of respiratory failure

164
Q

respiratory failure

A

a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high

165
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells

166
Q

rhinorrhea

A

the watery flow of mucus from the nose

167
Q

right lung

A

has 3 lobes: superior, middle, and inferior

168
Q

septoplasty

A

the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum

169
Q

silicosis

A

caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting

170
Q

sinusitis

A

an inflammation of the sinuses

171
Q

sleep apnea syndromes

A

a group of potentially fatal disorders in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

172
Q

smoke inhalation

A

damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchange of gases

173
Q

sphenoid sinuses

A

located in the sphenoid bone, close to the optic nerves; an infection here can damage vision

174
Q

spirometer

A

a recording device that measure the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath

175
Q

sputum

A

phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes

176
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of 2 weeks and 1 year

177
Q

supplemental oxygen

A

administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood

178
Q

tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually or more than 20 breaths per minute

179
Q

thoracentesis

A

the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

180
Q

thoracostomy

A

the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity to establish drainage of empyema

181
Q

thoracotomy

A

a surgical treatment of lung cancer by removing all or part of a lung

182
Q

tonsils

A

form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system

183
Q

trachea

A

the tube located directly in front of the esophagus that extends from the neck to the chest; the windpipe

184
Q

tracheoplasty

A

the surgical repair of the trachea

185
Q

tracheorrhagia

A

bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea

186
Q

tracheostomy

A

the surgical creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions

187
Q

tracheotomy

A

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

188
Q

tuberculin skin testing

A

a screening test for tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with a harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria

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