Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 3 Flashcards
1
Q
mesentery
A
fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
2
Q
midsagittal plane
A
sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves - midline
3
Q
muscle tissue
A
cells with specialized ability to contract and relax
4
Q
muscular dystrophy (MD)
A
describes a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement
5
Q
nerve tissue
A
cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
6
Q
nosocomial infection
A
disease acquired in a hospital or clinical settings
7
Q
nucleus
A
a structure within the cell that has two important functions - controls activities of cell, and helps cell divide
8
Q
organ
A
somewhat independent part of the body that performs a special function
9
Q
organic disorder
A
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in body (chickenpox)
10
Q
pan-
A
entire
11
Q
pandemic
A
outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
12
Q
parietal
A
cavity wall
13
Q
parietal peritoneum
A
outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
14
Q
path(o)-
A
disease
15
Q
pathogen
A
disease-producing microorganism such as virus
16
Q
pathologist
A
specializes in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis
17
Q
pathology
A
study of nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function
18
Q
pelv-
A
pelvis
19
Q
pelvic cavity
A
space formed by the hip bones - contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
20
Q
periton
A
peritoneum (multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity)
21
Q
peritoneum
A
multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
22
Q
peritonitis
A
inflammation of the peritoneum
23
Q
phenylketonuria
A
genetic disorder in which essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing - PKU
24
Q
physi-
A
nature or physical
25
physiology
study of the functions of the structures of the body
26
poster(o)-
situated in the back or back part of an organ (opposite of anter-)
27
posterior
situated in the back; on the back part of an organ
28
postmortem
after death
29
premature birth
birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development - (often breathing difficulties and heart problems)
30
prenatal influences
the mother's health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery
31
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure (opposite to distal)
32
quadrant
divided into four
33
recessive gene
when inherited from BOTH parents, offspring WILL have condition - when inherited from ONLY ONE parent, offspring WILL NOT have condition
34
regions of the thorax and abdomen
descriptive system that divides abdomen and lower portion of thorax into nine parts
35
retro-
behind
36
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
37
RLQ
right lower quadrant (abdomen)
38
rubella infection
if woman had it during early pregnancy can result in birth defect
39
RUQ
right upper quadrant (abdomen)
40
sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
41
secretion
the substance produced by a gland
42
sex cell
(sperm or egg) known as gamete, the only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes
43
sickle cell anemia
recessively inherited blood disorder, characterized by an abnormality in the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells
44
somatic
pertaining to body
45
somatic cell
any cell in the body except gametes (sex cells)
46
somatic cell mutation
change within cells of the body, cannot be transmitted
47
spinal cavity
located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
48
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
49
superior
uppermost, above, or toward the head (opposite to inferior)
50
Tay-Sachs disease (TAY SAKS)
fatal generic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain - (recessive)
51
thoracic cavity
known as chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs - chest cavity or thorax
52
tissue
group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
53
transmission
spread of disease
54
transverse plane
horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
55
umbilical region
surrounds the umbilicus
56
umbilicus
commonly known as the belly button or navel
57
undifferentiated
not having a specialized function or structure
58
vector
insects or animals like flies, mites, ticks, fleas, rats, and dogs that are capable of transmitting disease
59
vector-borne transmission
spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, dogs)
60
ventr-
belly side of the body
61
ventral
refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body (opposite of dorsal)
62
ventral cavity
located along the front of the body, contains the body organs and maintain homeostasis
63
vertical plane
an up-and-down plane that is a right angle to the horizon
64
visceral
relating to the internal organs
65
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
66
ankyl(o)-
crooked, bent or stiff
67
arthr(o)-
joint
68
chondr(o)-
cartilage
69
cost(o)-
ribs
70
crani(o)-
skull
71
-desis
surgical fixation of bone or joint
72
kyph(o)-
hump
73
lord(o)-
bent backward
74
-lysis
loosening or setting free
75
myel(o)-
bone marrow
76
oss(e)- / oss(i)- / ost(o)- / oste(o)-
bone
77
scoli(o)-
curved
78
spondyl(o)-
vertebrae
79
synovi(o)- / synov(o)-
synovial membrane
80
-um
noun ending
81
skeletal system (8 parts)
consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid and bursa
82
periosteum
tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
83
compact bone
dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms protective outer layer of bones
84
spongy bone
lighter and not as strong as compact bone, found in ends and inner portions of long bones - red bone marrow found within
85
medullary cavity
central cavity located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone
86
endosteum
tissue that lines the medullary cavity
87
red bone marrow
located in spongy bone - hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
88
hemopoietic
pertaining to formation of blood cells
89
yellow bone marrow
functions as a fat storage area - located in the medullary cavity
90
cartilage
smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones
91
articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints - makes smooth movement possible and protects bones from rubbing against each other
92
meniscus
curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints (knee and temporomandibular joint)
93
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
94
epiphysis
wider ends of long bones such as femurs of the legs, covered with articular cartilage for protection
95
foramen
opening in a bone trough which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
96
process
normal projection on surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons
97
joints
place of union between two or more bones - articulations
98
name the 3 types of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
99
fibrous joint
consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue - hold bones together
100
fontanelles
flexible soft spots that facilitate passage of infant through birth canal and allow for growth of skull during first year - soft spots
101
cartilaginous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage (ribs to sternum)
102
pubic symphysis
cartilaginous joint located between the pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis to facilitate childbirth
103
synovial joint
created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions - ball and socket joints and hinge joints
104
name the components of a synovial joint (5)
synovial capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, and bursa
105
synovial capsule
outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds joint
106
synovial membrane
lines synovial capsule - secretes synovial fluid
107
synovial fluid
acts as a lubricant to make smooth movement of joint possible
108
ligaments
bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another, or joining a bone to cartilage
109
bursa
fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone
110
axial skeleton
protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
111
appendicular skeleton
126 bones that are organized into the upper extremities (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands) and the lower extremities (hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet)
112
skull
consists of the eight bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and six bones in the middle ear
113
major parts of the skull
cranium (8 bones), face (14 bones), middle ear (6 bones)
114
cranium
portion of skull that encloses brain
115
bones of the cranium
frontal, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid
116
frontal bone
forms the forehead
117
parietal bones
form most of the roof and upper sides of cranium
118
occipital bone
forms posterior floor and walls of cranium
119
temporal bones
for sides and base of cranium
120
sphenoid bone
forms part of base of skull and parts of floor and sides of orbit
121
ethmoid bone
forms part of posterior portion of nose, orbit, and floor of cranium
122
auditory ossicles
six (6) tiny bones of middle ear
123
external auditory meatus
located in temporal bone - opening of external auditory canal of outer ear
124
facial bones (14)
nasal (2), zygomatic (2), maxillary (2), palatine (2), lacrimal (2), inferior conchae (2), vomer, mandible
125
nasal bones
two bones that form upper part of the bridge of nose
126
zygomatic bones
articulate with the frontal bone (forehead) - cheekbones
127
maxillary bones
form most of upper jaw
128
palatine bones
form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
129
lacrimal bones
make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of eye
130
inferior conchae
thin, scroll-like bones that form part of interior of nose
131
vomer bone
forms base for nasal septum
132
mandible
only movable bone of the skull - attached to the skull at TMJ - jawbone
133
temporo-mandibular joint
attaches the jawbone to the skull - TMJ
134
thoracic cavity
bony structure that protects the heart and lungs - consists of ribs, sternum, and upper portion of spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm - not including arms
135
ribs
attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae - 12 pairs - costals
136
cost/o
rib
137
sternum
forms the middle of front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts - breastbone
138
manubrium
bony structure that forms the upper portion of sternum
139
body of the sternum
bony structure that forms the middle portion of sternum
140
xiphoid process
structure made of cartilage that forms lower portion of sternum
141
pectoral girdle
formed by the shoulders, which support the arms and hands
142
clavicle
slender bone that connects manubrium of the sternum to scapula - collar bone
143
scapula
shoulder blade
144
acromion
extension of scapula that forms high point of shoulder
145
humerus
bone of upper arm
146
radius
smaller and shorter bone in forearm - runs up the thumb side of the forearm
147
ulna
larger and longer bone of forearm
148
olecranon process
large projection on upper end of the ulna - funny bone
149
carpals
8 bones that form the wrist
150
metacarpals
5 bones that form the palm of the hand
151
phalanges
14 bones of the fingers - the bones of the toes
152
spinal column
supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord
153
vertebrae
bony structure units of the spinal column
154
cervical vertebrae
first set of 7 vertebrae that form the neck - C1 through C7
155
thoracic vertebrae
second set of 12 vertebrae - form outward curve of spine - T1 through T12
156
lumbar vertebrae
third set of five vertebrae - form inward curve of lower spine - L1 through L5
157
sacrum
slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of spine - forms the lower portion of back
158
coccyx
forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together (tailbone)
159
intervertebral disks
made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other
160
pelvic girdle
protects internal organs and supports the lower extremeties; a cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk that consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
161
ilium
the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
162
sacroiliac
the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium
163
ischium
forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone and bears the weight of the body when sitting
164
pubis
forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, located just below the urinary bladder
165
pubic symphysis
the cartilaginous joint known that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth
166
acetabulum
large circular cavity in each side of pelvis that articulates with the head of femur to form the hip joint - hip socket
167
femur
the upper leg bone (largest bone in the body)
168
knees
complex joints that make possible movement between the upper and lower leg
169
patella
bony anterior portion of the knee (kneecap)
170
popliteal
referring to the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located
171
cruciate ligaments
make possible the movements of the knee
172
tibia
larger weight-bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg (shinbone)
173
fibula
smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
174
malleolus
the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
175
ankles
form the joint between the lower leg and the foot
176
tarsal
seven short bones which form the ankle
177
talus
the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
178
calcaneus
the largest of the tarsal bones (heel bone)
179
metatarsals
form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached
180
chiropractor
holds a Doctor of Chiropractic degree and specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine
181
orthopedic surgeon
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles
182
osteopath
holds a Doctor of Osteopathy degree and uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation
183
podiatrist
holds a Doctor of Podiatry or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
184
pod-
foot
185
ankylosis
the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
186
arthrosclerosis
stiffness of the joints, especially in elderly
187
bursitis
an inflammation of a bursa
188
burs-
bursa
