Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 9 Flashcards
1
Q
stomach
A
a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum
2
Q
stomatomycosis
A
any disease of the mouth due to a fungus
3
Q
stomatoplasty
A
the surgical repair of the mouth
4
Q
stomatorrhagia
A
bleeding from any part of the mouth
5
Q
stool samples
A
specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics
6
Q
strangulated hernia
A
occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off
7
Q
temporomandibular disorder
A
part of the group of complex symptoms that include pain, headache, or difficulty in chewing athat are related to the functioning of the temporomandibular joint
8
Q
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
A
formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together
9
Q
total parenteral nutrition
A
administered to patients who cannot, or should not, get their nutrition through eating
10
Q
transverse colon
A
passes horizontally from right to left toward the spleen
11
Q
trismus
A
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
12
Q
ulcerative colitis
A
a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
13
Q
upper and lower GI series
A
radiographic studies to examine the digestive system
14
Q
uvula
A
hangs from the free edge of the soft palate
15
Q
vermiform appendix
A
hangs from the lower portion of the cecum
16
Q
villi
A
finger-like projections that cover the mucosa that lines the small intestine
17
Q
volvulus
A
the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction
18
Q
xerostomia
A
the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth
19
Q
ablation
A
the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function
20
Q
acute renal failure (ARF)
A
has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia
21
Q
anuria
A
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
22
Q
benign prostatis hypertrophy
A
an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50
23
Q
bladder retraining
A
a program of urinating on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals
24
Q
bladder ultrasound
A
the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination
25
catheterization
performed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place fluid into the bladder
26
chronic renal failure
the progressive loss of renal functions
27
computed tomography
used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system
28
cystalgia
pain in the urinary bladder
29
cystectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
30
cystitis
an inflammation of the bladder
31
cystocele
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a fallen bladder
32
cystography
a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter
33
cystolith
a stone located in the urinary bladder
34
cystopexy
the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
35
cystorrhaphy
the surgical suturing of the bladder
36
cystoscopy
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
37
dialysis
a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
38
diuresis
the increased output of urine
39
digital rectal examination
performed on men to screen for prostate enlargement, infection, and indications of prostate cancer
40
dysuria
difficult or painful urination
41
edema
excessive fluid in the body tissues
42
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys
43
enuresis
the involuntary discharge of urine
44
epispadias
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male, the urethral opening is located on the upper surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris
45
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
46
female urethra
approximately 1.5 inches long; urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina; conveys only urine
47
glomerulonephritis
a form of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli; also known as Bright's disease
48
glomerulus
a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule
49
hemodialysis
the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys
50
hemolytic uremic syndrome
a condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death
51
hydronephrosis
the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
52
hydroureter
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
53
hyperproteinuria
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
54
hypospadias
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is into the vagina
55
incontinence
the inability to control excretory functions
56
indwelling catheter
one that remains inside the body for a prolonged time
57
interstitial cystitis
a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
58
intravenous pyelogram
a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changed in the urinary tract
59
Kegel exercises
a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence in women
60
Kidneys
a pair of bean-shaped organs that filter water and waste materials from the blood
61
KUB (Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder)
a radiographic study of these structures without the use of a contract medium
62
lithotomy
a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder
63
male urethra
approximately 8 inches long; urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis; transports both urine and semen
64
meatotomy
a surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
65
medulla
the inner region of the kidney
66
nephrectasis
the distention of a kidney
67
nephritis
an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
68
nephrolith
a stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone
69
nephrolithiasis
a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney
70
nephrolithotomy
the surgical removal of a nephrolith (kidney stone) through an incision in the kidney
71
nephrologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
72
nephrolysis
the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
73
nephron
a functional unit of the kidney
74
nephropathy
any disease of the kidney including degenerative and inflammatory conditions
75
nephropexy
the surgical fixation of a floating kidney
76
nephroptosis
the prolapse of a kidney
77
nephropyosis
suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney
78
nephrosis
any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation
79
nephrostomy
the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body
80
neurogenic bladder
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
81
nocturia
excessive urination during the night
82
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep
83
oliguria
scanty urination
84
overactive bladder (OAB)
occurs when the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder is too active
85
paraspadias
a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis
86
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
treatment of a kidney stone that is performed with a nephroscope inserted through a small incision in the back
87
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
88
polycystic kidney disease
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
89
polyuria
excessive urination
90
prostate gland
part of the male reproductive system and surrounds the urethra
91
prostatectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland
92
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer
93
prostatism
the condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatis hypertrophy
94
pyelitis
an inflammation of the renal pelvis
95
pyelonephritis
an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney
96
pyeloplasty
the surgical repair of the renal pelvis
97
pyelotomy
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
98
renal
pertaining to the kidneys
99
renal colic
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone
100
renal cortex
the outer region of the kidney
101
renal failure
the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions
102
renal pelvis
the funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla
103
renal transplantation
the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys; a kidney transplant
104
retrograde urography
a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward (backward) through the urinary tract
105
stone
an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body; also known as a calculus
106
stress incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
107
suprapubic catheterization
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
108
transurethral prostatectomy
the removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope
109
trigone
the smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureter and urethra
110
trigonitis
an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone
111
urea
the major waste product of protein metabolism
112
uremia
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood
113
ureterectasis
the distention of a ureter
114
ureterectomy
the surgical removal of a ureter
115
ureterolith
a stone located in a ureter
116
ureteroplasty
the surgical repair of a ureter
117
ureterorrhagia
the discharge of blood from the ureter
118
ureterorrhaphy
the surgical suturing of a ureter
119
ureters
two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
120
urethra
the tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body
121
urethral catheterization
peformed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder
122
urethral meatus
the external opening of the urethra
123
urethritis
an inflammation of the urethra
124
urethropexy
the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence
125
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
126
urethrorrhea
an abnormal discharge from the urethra
127
urethrostenosis
abnormal narrowing of the urethra
128
urethrostomy
the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin
129
urethrotomy
a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
130
urinalysis
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
131
urinary bladder
a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body
132
urinary hesitancy
difficulty in starting a urinary stream
133
urinary incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine
134
urinary tract infection (UTI)
an infection that usually begins in the bladder but that can affect all or parts of the urinary system
135
urination
the normal process of excreting urine
136
urochrome
the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color
137
urologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
138
vesicovaginal fistula
an abnormal opening between the bladder and vaginan that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
139
voiding cystourethrography
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
140
Wilms tumor
a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
141
Caus/o
Burning, burn
142
Cerebr/o
Cerebrum, brain
143
Concuss/o
Shaken together, violently agitated
144
Contus/o
Bruise
145
Encephal/o
Brain
146
-esthesia
Sensation, feeling
147
Esthet/o
Feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
148
-graphy
Process of producing a picture or record
149
Mening/o
Membranes, meninges
150
Myel/o
Spinal cord, bone marrow
151
Neur/o, Neru/o
Nerve, nerve tissue
152
Phobia
Abnormal fear
153
Psych/o
Mind
154
Radicul/o
Root or Nerve root
155
Tropic
Having an affinity for
156
Acrophobia
Excessive fear of heights.
157
Alzheimer's Disease
Group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.
158
Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis
Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.
159
Anesthetic
Medication used to induce anesthesia.
160
Anesthetist
Medical Professional who specializes in administering anesthesia, but is not a physician. EX nurse anesthetist.
161
Anxiety Disorders
Mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situation, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation.
162
Autism
Subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders.
163
Bell's Palsy
Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face.
164
Carotid Ultrasonography
Ultrasound study of the carotid artery that is performed to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke.
165
Causalgia
Persistent, severe, burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve.
166
Cerebral Palsy
Condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, and other neurologic deficiencies.
167
Cervical Radiculopathy
Nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region.
168
Claustrophobia
Abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces.
169
Cognition
Mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
170
Coma
Deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye moments, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization.
171
Concussion
Violent shaking up or jarring of the brain.
172
Delirium
Acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disorders thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations.
173
Delirium Tremens
Disorder involving sudden and sever mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol.
174
Delusion
False personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.
175
Dementia
Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking, and judgement that is often accompanied by personality changes.
176
Dura Mater
Thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges.
177
Dyslexia
Learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols.
178
Echoencephalography
Use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes.
179
Electroencephalography
Process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the us of electrodes attached to the scalp.
180
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain.
181
Epidural Anesthesia
Regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.
182
Epilepsy
Chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
183
Factitious Disorder
Condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.
184
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis.
185
Hydrocephalus
Condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles.
186
Hypochondriasis
Condition characterized by fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance.
187
Hyperesthesia
Condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.
188
Ischemic Stroke
Most common type of stroke in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery.
