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Medical Terms > Medical Terminology Ch 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Ch 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

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2
Q

angi/o

A

essel (usually blood or lymph)

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3
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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4
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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5
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

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6
Q

congenital

A

pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes

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7
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

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8
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of the walls of heart that is composed of cardiac muscle

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9
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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10
Q

cardi

A

heart

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11
Q

-um

A

structure, thing

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12
Q

veins

A

vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

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13
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widening, widened blood vessel

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14
Q

aneurysm/o/rrhaphy

A

suture (of the sac) of an aneurysm(widen area of a blood vessel due to thinking of the wall)

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15
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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16
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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17
Q

arteri/o/scler/osis

A

hardening of an artery; disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls

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18
Q

scler

A

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

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19
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

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20
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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21
Q

arther/oma

A

tumor of fatty plaque; fatty degeneration or thickening of the larger arterial walls, as in atherosclerosis

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22
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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23
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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24
Q

atri/um

A

structure of the atrium (a cavity, such as the atrium of the heart)

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25
Q

-um

A

structure, thing

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26
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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27
Q

cari/o/megaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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28
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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29
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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30
Q

coron/ary

A

pertaining to the heart

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31
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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32
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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33
Q

phleb/itis

A

inflammation of the vein

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34
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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35
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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36
Q

ven/ous

A

pertaining to the veins or blood passing through them

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37
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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38
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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39
Q

thromb/o/lysis

A

destruction or breaking up of a thrombus (blood clot)

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40
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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41
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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42
Q

varic/ose

A

pertaining to a dilated vein

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43
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to sugar

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44
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens; duct

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45
Q

vas/o/spasm

A

involuntary contraction or spasm of a blood vessel

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46
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction, twitching

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47
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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48
Q

vascul/ar

A

pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

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49
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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50
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of heart or brain)

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51
Q

inter/ventricul/ar

A

within a ventricle (of the heart)

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52
Q

inter-

A

between

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53
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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54
Q

tachy/cardia

A

rapid heart rate

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55
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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56
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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57
Q

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

A

record of electrical activity of the heart

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58
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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59
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

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60
Q

electro/o/cardi/o/graph

A

instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart

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61
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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62
Q

angi/o/graphy

A

process of recording the heart and blood vessels

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63
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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64
Q

aort/o/stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

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65
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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66
Q

brady-

A

slow

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67
Q

bardy/cardi/ac

A

pertaining to a slow heart rate

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68
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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69
Q

endo-

A

in, within

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70
Q

endo/cardi/um

A

structure (serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart) within the heart

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71
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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72
Q

epi/cardi/um

A

structure (outermost layer of the heart) above the heart

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73
Q

peri-

A

around

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74
Q

peri/cardi/um

A

structure (fibrous sac) around the heart

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75
Q

tumor of fatty plaque

A

atheroma

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76
Q

hardening of fatty plaque

A

atherosclerosis

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77
Q

inflammation of a vein (wall)

A

phlebitis

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78
Q

abnormal condition of a blood clot in a vein

A

phlebothrombosis

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79
Q

pertaining to a vein

A

venous

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80
Q

spasm of a vein

A

venospasm

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81
Q

specialist in the study of the heart

A

cardiologist

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82
Q

instrument for recording the electrical activity of the heart

A

electrocardiograph

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83
Q

enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly or megalocardia

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84
Q

disease of blood vessels

A

angiopathy

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85
Q

tumor of a vessel

A

angioma

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86
Q

narrowing of the aorta

A

aortostenosis

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87
Q

stricture of an artery

A

arteriostenosis

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88
Q

rapid heart rate

A

tachycardia

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89
Q

slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

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90
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of a blood vessel wall (usually an artery) due to a congenital defect or weakeness in the vessel wall

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91
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain or pressure in the best caused by ischemia; AKA angina

92
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also calle dhysrhythmia

93
Q

a-

A

without, not

94
Q

rrhythm

A

rhythm

95
Q

-ia

A

condition

96
Q

fibrillation

A

irregular, random contraction of heart fibers that commonly occurs in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation

97
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries

98
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage

99
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow; any of several generally abnormal sounds heard on auscultation

100
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

101
Q

embol

A

embolus (plug)

102
Q

heart block

A

disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

103
Q

heart block: 1st degree

A

atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

104
Q

heart block: 2nd degree

A

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

105
Q

heart block: 3rd degree

A

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)

106
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure (CHF)

107
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart

108
Q

hyper

A

excessive, above normal

109
Q

-tension

A

to stretch

110
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow

111
Q

isch

A

to hold back

112
Q

-emia

A

blood

113
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

114
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

115
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack

116
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close before birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

117
Q

Raynaud disease

A

severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon

118
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

119
Q

stroke

A

damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

120
Q

thrombus

A

a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot

121
Q

thromb

A

blood clot

122
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins

123
Q

thromb-

A

blood clot

124
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called ministroke

125
Q

cardiac catherterization

A

insertion of a small tube (catheter) through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach), that is then threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart

126
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

127
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

128
Q

echo-

A

repeating sound

129
Q

electrocardiography

A

creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography

130
Q

Holter monitor

A

monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activites

131
Q

stress test

A

electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption

132
Q

nuclear

A

ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

133
Q

troponin I

A

blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal) and is highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)

134
Q

angioplasty

A

surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

135
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

angioplasty in which peripheral vein are removed and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

136
Q

cardioversion

A

restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter shock to the chest using a device called a defibrillator; also called defibrillation

137
Q

-version

A

turning

138
Q

defibrillator

A

device used to administer a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm

139
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

A

surgically implanted electrical device that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

140
Q

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

A

portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

141
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

142
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

143
Q

endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)

A

treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)

144
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

145
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

146
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

147
Q

valvuloplasty

A

insertion of balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty

148
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevents the clotting or coagulation of blood

149
Q

beta blockers

A

slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, thereby lowering blood pressure

150
Q

nitrates

A

relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure (HF)

151
Q

statins

A

reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol

152
Q

thrombolytics

A

dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

153
Q

are swollen, distended veins most commonly seen in the lower legs

A

varicose veins

154
Q

means irregular, random contraction of heart fibers

A

fibrillation

155
Q

are drugs used to dissolve a blood clot

A

thrombolytics

156
Q

is a mass of undissolved matter that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

A

embolus

157
Q

is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues

A

HF

158
Q

refers to formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body

A

DVT

159
Q

refers to blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

A

HTN

160
Q

is irregularity or loss of heart rhythm

A

arrhythmia

161
Q

is an agent that reduces cholesterol levels in the blood and blocks production of cholesterol in the liver

A

statin

162
Q

is a soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow

A

bruit

163
Q

refers to partial brain damage due to interruption of its blood supply, commonly caused by blockage of an artery

A

stroke

164
Q

is a streptococcal infection that causes damage to heart valves and heart muscle

A

rheumatic heart disease

165
Q

is a device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings, usually for 24 hours, on a portable tape

A

Holter moniter

166
Q

is numbness in fingers or toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin

A

Raynaud disease

167
Q

is the excision of the lining of an artery

A

endarterectomy

168
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillator

169
Q

AICD

A

automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

170
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

171
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

172
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

173
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

174
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

175
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle

176
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis; deep venous thrombosis

177
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram; echocardiography; echoencephalogram; echoencephalography

178
Q

ECG, EKG

A

electrocardiogram; electrocardiography

179
Q

EVLA

A

endovenous laser ablation; endoluminal laser ablation

180
Q

EVLT

A

endovenous laser therapy; endoluminal laser therapy

181
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

182
Q

HF

A

heart failure

183
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

184
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioventer-defibrillator

185
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

186
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

187
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

188
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

189
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

190
Q

apnea

A

lack of breathing

191
Q

desiccated

A

to dry up

192
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

193
Q

EKG

A

creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle, also called cardiography

194
Q

malaise

A

an indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health often indicative of or accompanying the onset of an illness

195
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack

196
Q

ST segment-T wave

A

T wave represents the repolarization (or recovery) of the ventricles

197
Q

thyroidectomy

A

surgical excision of thyroid gland tissue

198
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

199
Q

temporary cessation of breathing

A

apnea

200
Q

occurring after an operation

A

postoperative

201
Q

feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread

A

anxiety

202
Q

inflammation of the thyroid gland

A

thyroiditis

203
Q

fainting

A

syncope

204
Q

dried up

A

desiccated

205
Q

extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the chambers of the heart

A

fibrillation

206
Q

discomfort or indisposition, commonly indicating infection

A

malaise

207
Q

tachycardia that originates with the SA node

A

sinus tachycardia

208
Q

abbreviation for a test that provides a recording of electrical impulses of the heart

A

EKG

209
Q

difficult breathing

A

dyspnea

210
Q

abbreviation for metric unit of one one-thousandth of a gram

A

mg

211
Q

provides nonsurgical treatment to detect, prevent, and treat heart and vascular disease

A

cardiologist

212
Q

a small artery is called______

A

arteriole

213
Q

an endovascular procedure that reopens a narrowed, blocked vessel by balloon dilation is called______

A

angioplasty

214
Q

to reduce plaque build up in arteries and lower blood cholesterol levels, the cardiologist prescribes a drug called a_____

A

statin

215
Q

the valve that contains three leaflets is the_____

A

tricuspid valve

216
Q

without CV circulation, body tissues are deprived of nutrients and________

A

oxygen

217
Q

disorder characterized by thickening and calcification of arterial walls is _______

A

arteriosclerosis

218
Q

a patient with an enlarged heart suffers from______

A

cardiomegaly

219
Q

the diagnosis of inflammation of a vein is charted as_______

A

phlebitis

220
Q

a drug that treats chest pain associated with angina is called________

A

nitrate

221
Q

decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ is called_______

A

ischemia

222
Q

when performing an angiogram, the surgeon notes a narrowing of an artery, which is charted as_______

A

arteriostenosis

223
Q

a widened, stretched out portion of a blood vessel that forms a bulge is called ______

A

aneurysm

224
Q

a patient arrives at the emergency room with a rapid heart rate, a condition called______

A

tachycardia

225
Q

when heart tissue dies as a result of lack of oxygen, the patient has suffered a________

A

MI

Medical Terms (6 decks)

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