Medical Terminology Ch 12: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
arthritis
inflammation of the joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness
arthr
joint
-itis
inflammation
arthroplasty
surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replaced a diseased or damaged joint
-plasty
surgical repair
articulate
site of contact between two bones; also called a joint
contraction
shortening or tightening of a muscle
musculosketal
pertaining to muscle and the skeleton
muscul/o
muscle
skelet
skeleton
-al
pertaining to
radiography
production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius
-graphy
process of recording
synovial fluid
lubricating fluid of the joint secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
maxill/o
maxilla/ upper jaw
crani/o
cranium/skull
humer/o
humerus
stern/o
sternum
clavicul/o
clavicle
scapl/o
scapula
vertebr/o
vertebra
cost/o
ribs
radi/o
radius
uln/o
ulna
carp/o
carpals
metacarp/o
metacarpals
phalang/o
phalanges
tibi/o
tibia
fibul/o
fibula
tars/o
tarsals
metatars/o
metatarsals
phalang/o
phalanges
patell/o
patella
femor/o
femur
ischi/o
ischium
pelv/o or pelv/i
pelvic
ili/o
ilium
pub/o
pubis
fasci/o
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
fasci/o/plasty
surgical repair of fascia
fibr/o
fiber/fibrous tissue
fibr/oma
tumor of fibrous tissue
-oma
tumor
leiomy/o
smooth muscle (visceral)
leiomy/oma
tumor of smooth muscle
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
lumb/o/cost/al
pertaining to the lumbar region and the ribs
cost
ribs
-al
pertaining to
muscul/ar
pertaining to muscles
my/o
muscle
my/o/rrhexis
rupture of a muscle
-rrhexis
rupture
ten/o
tendon
tend/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
ten/o/tomy
incision of a tendon
-tomy
incision
tend/o/plasty
surgical repair of a tendon
tendin/itis
inflammation of a tendon, usually resulting from strain; also called tendonitis
carp/o/ptosis
downward displacement of the wrist; also called dropped wrist
-ptosis
prolapse, downward, displacement
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri (neck of utuerus)
cervic/al
pertaining to the neck
sub/cost/al
beneath the ribs
sub-
under; below
carni/o
cranium (skull)
crani/o/tomy
incision through the cranium, usually to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures
humer/al
pertaining to the humerus
metacarp/ectomy
excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones
-ectomy
excision, removal
phalang/itis
inflammation of one ore more phlanges
spondyl/o
vertebra
spondyl/itis
inflammation of any of the vertebrae, usually characterized by stiffness and pain
vertebr/al
pertaining to a vertebra or the vertebral column
stern/o/cost/al
pertaining to the sternum and ribs
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
calcane/o/dynia
painful condition of the heel
-dynia
pain
femor/al
pertaining to the femur
fibul/o
fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)
fibul/ar
pertaining to the fibula
patell/ectomy
excision of the patella
pelv/i
pelvis
pelv/i/metry
measurement of the pelvic dimensions or proportions
-metry
act of measuring
pelv/o
pelvis
pelv/is
refers to the pelvis (hipbone)
-is
noun ending
radi/o/graph
x-ray image
tibi/al
pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent, crooked
ankyl/osis
immobility of a joint
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
arthr/o
joint
arthr/o/desis
surgical fixation of a joint
-desis
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o/chondr/itis
inflammation of cartilage of the anterior chest wall (ribs)
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
lamin/ectomy
excision of the lamina (bony arches of one or more vertebrae)
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
myel/o/cele
herniation of the spinal cord
-cele
hernia, swelling
orth/o
straight
orth/o/ped/ics
branch of medicine concerned with prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system disorders
ped/
foot; child
oste/o
bone
oste/o/porosis
porous bone
-porosis
porous
-clasisa
to break; surgical fracture
arthr/o/clasia
surgical breaking of adhesions to improve mobility of a joint
-clast
to break
oste/o/clast
cell that breaks down bone
-plegia
paralysis
hemi/plegia
paralysis of one side of the body
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
my/o/sarcoma
malignant tumor of muscle tissue
dia-
through, across
peri-
around
dia/physis
shaft or middle region of a long bone
-physis
growth
peri/oste/um
layer that covers the surface of a bone
-um
structure, thing
bone cells
osteocytes
pain in bones
ostealgia, osteodynia
disease of bones and joints
osteoarthropathy
beginning or formation of bones
osteogenesis
pertaining to the neck
cervical
pertaining to the neck and arm
cervicobrachial
pertaining to the neck and face
cervicofacial
tumor of bone marrow
myeloma
sarcoma of bone marrow (cells)
myelosarcoma
radiography of the spinal cord
myelography
abnormal softening of the spinal cord
myelomalacia
pertaining to above the sternum
suprasternal
resembling the breastbone
sternoid
embryonic cell that forms cartilage
chondroblast
inflammation of a joint
arthritis
inflammation of bones and joints
osteoarthritis
instrument for measuring the pelivs
pelvimeter
twitching of a muscle
myospasm
any disease of muscle
myopathy
rupture of a muscle
myorrhexis
muscular dystrophy (MD)
group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
-trophy
development, nourishment
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids
rotator cuff injury
injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injury
sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outwasrd
strain
trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tenonitis
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck
arthritis
inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling and commonly, changes in structure
arthr
joint
gouty
arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; also called gout
osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage
rheumatioid arthritis (RA)
chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly in adolescent boys
fracture
any break in a bone
herniated disk
herniation or rapture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures
-porosis
porous
Paget disease
skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
sequestrum
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback
kyph-
humpback
-osis
abnormal condition; increase
lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture
lord-
curve, swayback
scoliosis
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis
scoli
crooked, bent
spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis
spondyl
vertebrae(backbone)
spondylolisthesis
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression
spondyl/o
vertebra (backbone)
-listhesis
slipping
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; also called partial dislocation
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain
-centesis
surgical puncture
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an ARTHROSCOPE, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures
-scopy
visual examination
arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity
total hip arthroplasty
replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; also called total hip replacement (THR)
sequestrectomy
excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
sequestr
separation
bone reabsorption inhibitors
reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease
gold salts
treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system by preventing further disease progression
muscle relaxants
relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and tendinits
bone fractures: closed
bone is broken but no open wound in skin
bone fractures: open
bone breaks through skin
bone fractures: complicated
extensive soft tissue injury such as a broken rib piercing the lung above
bone fractures: comminuted
bone is crushed into several pieces
bone fractures: impacted
broken ends of a bone are forced into one another
bone fractures: incomplete
line of fracture does not include the whole bone
bone fractures: greenstick
bone is broken only on one side, commonly occurs most in children because growing bones are soft
bone fractures: Colles fracture
distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
means decrease in bone density and an increase in porosity, causing the risk of fractures
osteoporosis
means inflammation of a tendon
tendintis
refers to trauma to a joint, causing injury to the surrounding ligament
sprain
refers to muscular trauma that results from overuse or excessive, forcible stretch
strain
means hunchback or humpback
kyphosis
is a malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and occurs most commonly in adolescent boys
Ewing sarcoma
means wryneck
torticollis
is a disease characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
gout
is a disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and related structures that result in crippling deformities
RA
is a skeletal disease of the elderly in chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones and is also called osteitis deormans
Paget disease
is a fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
sequestrum
means repair or replacement of a joint
arthroplasty
is a grating sound made by the ends of bone rubbing together
crepitation
is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscular weakness and progressive fatigue
myasthenia gravis
means forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also called swayback
lordosis
refers to a group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle; the most common form is called Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
is connective tissue fibrosis that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
contracture
is abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right
scoliosis
refers to rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae
herniated disk
is pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
CTS
BK
below the knee
C1, C2, to C7
first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebrae, and so on
CT
computed tomography
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
DMARDs
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Fx
fracture
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk)
IM
intramuscular
L1, L2, to L5
first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on
MG
myasthenia gravis
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ORTH, Ortho
orthopedics
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
S1, S2, to S5
first sacral vertebra, second sacral vertebra, and so on
T1, T2, to T12
first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, and so on
THR
total hip replacement
pertaining to the sacrum and ilium
sacroiliac
designates the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
L3-4
bending motion of a limb
flexion
directional term indicating from the front to the back
anteroposterior
pertaining to two sides
bilateral
pertaining to an increase in the size of an organ or structure
hypertronphic
pertaining to the lumbar vertebra and the sacrum
lumbrosacral
pertaining to one side
lateral
extending motion of a limb
extension
pertaining to between vertebrae
intervertebral
________ is a congenitial deformity of the foot
talipes
the surgical puncture of a joint is known as ________
arthrocentesis
partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone is known as a ________
subluxation
immobility of joints is known as ________
ankylosis
an elderly patient suffers from arthritis. her primary physician referred her to to a specialist called an ________
rheumatologist
A patient fell on her hand, resulting in a downward displacement of her wrist, a condition known as ________
carpoptosis
a joint is a place where two or more bones connect, or ________ to allow motion between the parts
articulate
________ is a from of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
rickets
________ are responsible for movement, maintaining posture, and the propulsion of substances through the body
muscles
________ refers to an impairment of a body structure
degenerative
a laboratory result with findings of excessive uric acid probably indicates ________ arthritis
gouty
the surgical procedure to excise part of the vertebrae is known as a ________
laminectomy
________ fractures usually occur in children because their growing bones are soft and tend to splinter rather than break completely
greenstick
________ relieve pain and reduce inflammation in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
NSAIDs
a person with a symptom of heel pain would be suffering from ________
calcaneodynia
