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Medical Terms > Medical Terminology Ch 2: Body Structure > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Ch 2: Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anterior

A

toward the front of the body, organ, or structure

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2
Q

anter-

A

anterior, front

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3
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

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4
Q

anteroposterior

A

pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back of the body

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5
Q

inferior

A

pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail

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6
Q

infer-

A

lower, below

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7
Q

scan

A

process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of an internal area, organ, or tissue of the body

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8
Q

Levels of organization from the least to most complex(5):

A

cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism level

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9
Q

What is the anatomical position(4)

A

1-stands erect 2- eyes looking straight ahead 3-arms are at the sides with palms turned forward 4- feet are parallel and flat on the floor

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10
Q

Adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

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11
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

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12
Q

Superior (cephalic, cranial)

A

above or higher; toward the head

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13
Q

cepahlic

A

above or higher; toward the head

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14
Q

cranial

A

above or higher; toward the head

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15
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

below or lower; toward the tail

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16
Q

caudal

A

below or lower; toward the tail

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17
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body; toward the front

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18
Q

ventral

A

front of the body; toward the front

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19
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body; toward the back

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20
Q

dorsal

A

back of the body; toward the back

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21
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle; toward the midline

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22
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side; toward the side

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23
Q

external

A

outside, exterior to

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24
Q

internal

A

within, interior to

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25
Q

superficial

A

toward or on the surface

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26
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

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27
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

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28
Q

distal

A

farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

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29
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity

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30
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the organs within a cavity

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31
Q

plane

A

imaginary flat surface that separates two portions of the body or organ

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32
Q

anteropostier

A

frontal (coronal) plan

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33
Q

median plane

A

vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides AKA midsagittal plane

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34
Q

frontal plane

A

plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions AKA coronal plane

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35
Q

horizontal plane

A

plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions AKA transverse plane

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36
Q

RUQ right upper quadrant(5)

A

contains the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large inst.

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37
Q

RLQ right lower quadrant(6)

A

contains part of the small and large int, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter

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38
Q

LUQ left upper quadrant(6)

A

contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large inst.

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39
Q

LLQ left lower quadrant(5)

A

contains part of the small and large inst., the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter.

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40
Q

Nine regions of the abdomen arrangement:

A
    1. 2.
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41
Q
  1. Right hypochondriac
A

upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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42
Q
  1. Left hypochondriac
A

upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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43
Q
  1. Right lumbar
A

middle right region located near the waist

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44
Q
  1. Left lumbar
A

middle left region located near the waist

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45
Q
  1. Right iliac
A

lower right region located near the groin AKA Right inguinal region

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46
Q
  1. Left iliac
A

lower left region located near the groin AKA Left inguinal region

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47
Q
  1. Epigastric
A

middle region located above the stomach

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48
Q
  1. Umbilical
A

middle region located in the area of the umbilicus, or navel

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49
Q
  1. Hypogastric
A

lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region

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50
Q

Knee-chest position

A

patient is assisted into kneeling position with the buttocks elevated. The head and chest are on the table, and the arms are extended above the head and flexed at the elbow. This position facilitates examination of the rectum.

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51
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Patient is assisted into a supine (laying on the back) position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed in stirrups. This position is used for vaginal examination and the Papanicolaou (Pap) test

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52
Q

Dorsal recumbent position

A

patient is assisted into a supine (laying on the back) position. The legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed on the table. This position is used to examine the vagina and rectum in the female and the rectum in the male.

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53
Q

Sims position

A

Patient is assisted into a side-lying position on the left side. The left arm is placed behind the body and the right arm is moved forward and flexed at the elbow. Both legs are flexed at the knee, but the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. This position is used to examine the vagina and rectum in the female and the rectum in the male. Sims position is used to administer an enema.

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54
Q

Prone position

A

patient is assisted to lie flat on the abdomen with the head turned slightly to the side. The arms are extended above the head or alongside the body. Prone position in used to examine the back, spine, and lower extremities.

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55
Q

Fowler position

A

Patient is assisted into a semi-sitting position. The head of the examination table is tilted to produce a 45-60 degree angle with patient’s knees bent or not bent. An angle of 45 degrees or more is considered HIGH Fowler position; and angle of approximately 30 degrees is considered SEMI-Fowler position. This position promotes lung expansion. It is used if the patient has difficulty breathing.

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56
Q

Supine position

A

Patient is assisted to lie flat on their back with arms at the sides. This position is used to examine the chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities. It is also used to examine the head and neck as well as in certain neurologic reflex testing.

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57
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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58
Q

abdomin/al

A

pertaining to the abdomen

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59
Q

/al

A

pertaining to

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60
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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61
Q

caudo/ad

A

toward the tail

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62
Q

-ad

A

toward

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63
Q

cephal/ad

A

toward the head

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64
Q

cephal/

A

head

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65
Q

cervic/al

A

pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus

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66
Q

crani/al

A

pertaining to the cranium or skull

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67
Q

gastr/ic

A

pertaining to the stomach

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68
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to the

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69
Q

-al

A

pertaining to the

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70
Q

ili/ac

A

pertaining to the ilium

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71
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to the

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72
Q

ingiun/al

A

pertaining to the groin

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73
Q

lumb/ar

A

pertaining to the loins or lower back

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74
Q

pelv/i/meter

A

instrument for measuring the pelvis

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75
Q

pelv/ic

A

pertaining to the pelvis

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76
Q

spin/al

A

pertaining to the spine or spinal column

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77
Q

thorac/ic

A

pertaining to the chest

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78
Q

umbilic/al

A

pertaining to the umbilicus or navel

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79
Q

anter/ior

A

pertaining to the front of the body, an organ, or a structure

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80
Q

dist/al

A

pertaining to a point farthest from the center, a medial line, or the trunk; opposite of proximal

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81
Q

dors/al

A

pertaining to the back or posterior

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82
Q

infer/ior

A

pertaining to below or lower; toward the tail

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83
Q

later/al

A

pertaining to the side

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84
Q

medi/al

A

pertaining to the middle

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85
Q

poster/ior

A

pertaining to back or posterior side

86
Q

proxim/al

A

nearest the point of attachment, center of the body, or point of reference

87
Q

super/ior

A

pertaining to above or higher; toward the head

88
Q

ventr/al

A

pertaining to the belly side or front

89
Q

cty/o/meter

A

instrument for counting and measuring cells

90
Q

hist/o/lysis

A

separation, destruction, or disintegration of tissue

91
Q

nucle/ar

A

pertaining to a nucleus

92
Q

radi/o/graphy

A

process of recording an x-ray

93
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)

94
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

95
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

96
Q

medi/ad

A

toward the middle or center

97
Q

coron/al

A

pertaining to the heart

98
Q

cost/algia

A

pain in the ribs

99
Q

thorac/o/dynia

A

pain in the chest

100
Q

path/o/gen

A

forming, producing, or origin of a disease

101
Q

carcin/o/genesis

A

forming, producing, or origin of cancer

102
Q

hist/o/logist

A

specialist in study of tissues

103
Q

eti/o/logy

A

study of the causes of disease

104
Q

cyt/o/lysis

A

destruction, dissolution, or separation of a cell

105
Q

therm/o/meter

A

instrument for measuring heat

106
Q

hyper/plasia

A

excessive growth of tissue

107
Q

hepat/o/toxic

A

pertaining to poison in the liver

108
Q

bi/lateral/al

A

pertaining to or affecting two sides

109
Q

epi/gastr/ic

A

pertaining to above or on the stomach

110
Q

infra/cost/al

A

pertaining to below or under the ribs

111
Q

trans/vagin/al

A

pertaining to or across the vagina

112
Q

-algia

A

pain

113
Q

-dynia

A

pain

114
Q

-gen

A

forming, producing, origin

115
Q

-genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

116
Q

-logist

A

specialist

117
Q

-logy

A

study of

118
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; looening

119
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

120
Q

-plasia

A

formation, growth

121
Q

-toxic

A

poison

122
Q

bi-

A

two

123
Q

epi-

A

above, on

124
Q

toward the tail

A

caudad

125
Q

pertaining to the tail

A

caudal

126
Q

surgical puncture of the chest

A

thoracocentesis

127
Q

pertaining to the chest

A

thoracic

128
Q

surgical repair of the chest

A

thoracoplasty

129
Q

pertaining to the stomach

A

gastric

130
Q

surgical repair of the stomach

A

gastroplasty

131
Q

pertaining to the pelvis

A

pelvic

132
Q

instrument to measure the pelvis

A

pelvimeter

133
Q

pertaining to the abdomen

A

abdominal

134
Q

surgical repair of the abdoment

A

abdominoplasty

135
Q

pertaining to the cranium (skull)

A

cranial

136
Q

surgical repair of the cranium (skull)

A

cranioplasty

137
Q

pertaining to the middle

A

medial

138
Q

toward the middle

A

mediad

139
Q

study of cells

A

cytology

140
Q

specialist in the study of cells

A

cytologist

141
Q

destruction, dissolution, or separation of a cell

A

cytolysis

142
Q

study of tissues

A

histology

143
Q

specialist in the study of tissues

A

histologist

144
Q

adhesion

A

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other

145
Q

inflammation

A

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

146
Q

sepsis

A

body’s inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure

147
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

148
Q

endo-

A

in, within

149
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

150
Q

fluoroscopy

A

radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images.

151
Q

fluor/o

A

luminous, fluorescence

152
Q

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

A

radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body.

153
Q

nuclear scan

A

diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer; usually introduced into the body by ingestion, inhalation, or injection

154
Q

radiography

A

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

155
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

drug that contains a radioactive substance, which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

156
Q

pharmaceutic

A

drug, medicine

157
Q

tomography

A

radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth

158
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

159
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

nuclear imaging study that combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism; useful in evaluating Alzheimer disease and epilepsy

160
Q

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan

A

nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood flows to an organ and helps determine how well it is functioniong.

161
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultra sound) that bounce off body tissue and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

162
Q

-ultra

A

excess, beyong

163
Q

son/o

A

sound

164
Q

CT scan

A

uses a narrow beam of x-rays generated multiple views of a specific organ or body area in cross-sectional images

165
Q

fluroscopy

A

directs x-rays through the body to a fluorescent screen to view organs in motion, such as the digestive tract and heart

166
Q

US

A

employs high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal structures of the body

167
Q

MRI

A

employs magnetic energy to produce cross-sectional imagesPET

168
Q

PET

A

is a type of nuclear scan that uses radiopharmaceutical to reveal areas where the radiopharmaceutical is metabolized

169
Q

endoscope

A

is a specialized lighted instrument used to view interior of organs and cavities

170
Q

inflammation

A

is the body’s protective response to irritation, infection, or allergy

171
Q

SPECT

A

is similar to PET, but employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image

172
Q

tomography

A

produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth; three types include CT, PET, and SPECT

173
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

is a drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ to be scanned

174
Q

endoscopy

A

is a procedure to enable visualization of the interior of organs and cavities with a lighted instrument

175
Q

nuclear scan

A

is an imaging technique that relies on the use of a tracer to diagnose a disease

176
Q

adhesion

A

is a band of scar tissue that binds anatomical surfaces that normally are separate from each other

177
Q

radiography

A

is production of shadow images on photographic film

178
Q

sepsis

A

is the body’s inflammation response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure

179
Q

Abbreviation: ant

A

anterior

180
Q

Abbreviation: AP

A

anteroposterior

181
Q

Abbreviation: Bx, bx

A

biopsy

182
Q

Abbreviation: CXR

A

chest x-ray; cheat radiograph

183
Q

Abbreviation: LAT, lat

A

lateral

184
Q

Abbreviation: LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

185
Q

Abbreviation: LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

186
Q

Abbreviation: PA

A

posteroanterior

187
Q

Abbreviation: RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

188
Q

Abbreviation: RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

189
Q

Abbreviation: Sx

A

symptom

190
Q

Abbreviation: Tx

A

treatment

191
Q

Abbreviation: CT

A

computed tomography

192
Q

Abbreviation: CXR

A

cheat x-ray

193
Q

Abbreviation: MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

194
Q

Abbreviation: PET

A

positron emission tomography

195
Q

Abbreviation: US

A

ultrasound

196
Q

Abbreviation: SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography

197
Q

Umbilical

A

Middle region located near the navel

198
Q

Iliac

A

Pertaining to the ilium

199
Q

Cervical

A

Pertaining to the neck

200
Q

Cephalad

A

Toward the head

201
Q

Cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

202
Q

Epigastric

A

middle region located above the stomach

203
Q

Thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

204
Q

Inguinal

A

Pertaining to the groin

205
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front

206
Q

Proximal

A

nearest the point of attachment

207
Q

Lateral

A

pertaining to the side

208
Q

Posterior

A

pertaining to the back, behind

209
Q

Caudad

A

toward the tail

210
Q

Ventral

A

pertaining to the belly side or front of the body

211
Q

Distal

A

farthest from the point of attachment

Medical Terms (6 decks)

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