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Medical Terms > Medical Terminology Ch 4: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Ch 4: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory test results, and precedures

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2
Q

dia-

A

through, across

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3
Q

/gnos/

A

knowing

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4
Q

-is

A

noun ending

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5
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system

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6
Q

pulmon-

A

lung

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7
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

respiration

A

molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body’s tissues; also called breathing, pulmonary ventilation, or ventilation

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9
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage (bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae)

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10
Q

thorac-

A

chest

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11
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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12
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to a blood vessel

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13
Q

vascul-

A

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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14
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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15
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids-The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil, is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat.

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16
Q

adenoid/ectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

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17
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal

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18
Q

laryng/o

A

larnyx (voice box)

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19
Q

laryng/o/scope

A

instrument for examining the larynx

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20
Q

-scope

A

instrument for examining

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21
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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22
Q

nas/al

A

pertaining to the nose

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23
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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24
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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25
Q

rhin/o/rrhea

A

discharge from the nose (runny nose), often the result of a cold or allergy

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26
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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27
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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28
Q

pharyng/o/spasm

A

twitching or involuntary contractions of the pharynx (throat)

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29
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction, twitching

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30
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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31
Q

tonsill/ectomy

A

excision of the tonsil

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32
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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33
Q

tache/o/tomy

A

incision of the trachea

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34
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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35
Q

alveo/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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36
Q

alveo/ar

A

pertaining to an alveolus (alveoli, plural)

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37
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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38
Q

bronch/o/scopy

A

visual examination of the bronchus (or bronchi) through a bronchoscope

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39
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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40
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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41
Q

bronchi/ectasis

A

expansion or dilation of a bronchus (or bronchi)

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42
Q

-ectasis

A

expansion, dilation

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43
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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44
Q

bronchiol/itis

A

inflammation of the bronchiole

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45
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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46
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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47
Q

phren/algia

A

pain in the diaphragm

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48
Q

-algia

A

pain

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49
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals.

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50
Q

pleur/o/dynia

A

pain in the pleura

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51
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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52
Q

pneum/o

A

air; lung

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53
Q

pneum/o/melan/osis

A

abnormal condition of blackening of the lung tissue (caused by inhalation of coal dust or other black particles) abnormal

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54
Q

melan

A

black

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55
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

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56
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

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57
Q

pulmon/o/logist

A

physician or medical specialist who treats pulmonary diseases

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58
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

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59
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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60
Q

thorac/o/pathy

A

disease of the thorax

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61
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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62
Q

aer/o

A

air

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63
Q

aer/o/phagia

A

swallowing air

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64
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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65
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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66
Q

cyan/osis

A

abnormal condition of blue (skin)

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67
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process (houses air cells which direct sound waves into the inner ear)

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68
Q

mastoid/itis

A

inflammation of one of the mastoid bones, usually an extension of a middle ear infection

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69
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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70
Q

muc/oid

A

resembling mucus

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71
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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72
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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73
Q

myc/osis

A

any disease induced by a fungus

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74
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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75
Q

orth/o/pnea

A

(labored) breathing that improves when standing or sitting up

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76
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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77
Q

py/o

A

pus

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78
Q

py/o/thorax

A

pus in the chest

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79
Q

-thorax

A

chest

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80
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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81
Q

chondr/oma

A

tumor composed of cartilage

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82
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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83
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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84
Q

rhin/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

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85
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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86
Q

laryng/o/plegia

A

paralysis of the larynx (voice box)

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87
Q

a-

A

without, not

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88
Q

a/pnea

A

not breathing

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89
Q

brady-

A

slow

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90
Q

brady/pnea

A

slow breathing

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91
Q

dys-

A

bad; painful; difficult

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92
Q

dys/pnea

A

bad, painful, or difficult breathing

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93
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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94
Q

eu/pnea

A

normal, unlabored breathing

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95
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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96
Q

tachy/pnea

A

rapid breathing

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97
Q

surgical repair of the nose

A

rhinoplasty

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98
Q

watery discharge from the nose

A

rhinorrhea

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99
Q

paralysis of the larynx

A

laryngoplegia

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100
Q

inflammation of the larynx

A

laryngitis

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101
Q

dilation or expansion of the bronchus

A

bronchiectasis

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102
Q

visual examination of the bronchus

A

bronchoscopy

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103
Q

pain in the pleura

A

pleurodynia or pleuralgia

104
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

pleuritis

105
Q

abnormal condition of blue (skin)

A

cyanosis

106
Q

difficult or painful breathing

A

dyspnea

107
Q

slow breathing

A

bradypnea

108
Q

rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

109
Q

good or normal breathing

A

eupnea

110
Q

pus in the thorax

A

pyothorax

111
Q

swallowing air

A

aerophagia

112
Q

crackles

A

fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the in the alveoli; also called RALES

113
Q

friction rub

A

dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)

114
Q

rhonchi

A

loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways

115
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx

116
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway

117
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide CO2, in the body

118
Q

acid

A

acid

119
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

life-threatening build-up of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli), caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream; also called adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)

120
Q

anosmia

A

absence or decrease in the sense of smell

121
Q

an-

A

without, not

122
Q

-osmia

A

smell

123
Q

anoxia

A

total absence of O2 in body tissues; caused by a lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs

124
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen

125
Q

asphyxia

A

condition of insufficient intake of oxygen due to choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke, or trauma

126
Q

-phyxia

A

pulse

127
Q

asthma

A

inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing (with or without sputum)

128
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by variety of conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from a tumor

129
Q

-atel

A

incomplete; imperfect

130
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

131
Q

bronchitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both

132
Q

bronch

A

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

133
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a COLD

134
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor.

135
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death

136
Q

fibr

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

137
Q

cyst/

A

bladder

138
Q

emphysema

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breath and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation

139
Q

epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed

140
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

141
Q

-staxis

A

dripping, oozing (blood)

142
Q

hypercapnia

A

greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

143
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above normal

144
Q

-capnia

A

carbon dioxide CO2

145
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

146
Q

hyp-

A

under, below, deficient

147
Q

ox/

A

oxygen

148
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

149
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

150
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen

151
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

152
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes (OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum)

153
Q

ot-

A

ear

154
Q

/med/

A

middle

155
Q

-ia

A

condition

156
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough; also called whooping cough

157
Q

pheurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing

158
Q

/pleur

A

pleura

159
Q

-isy

A

state of condition

160
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung

161
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant; also called crib death

162
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample

163
Q

arteri

A

artery

164
Q

Mantoux test

A

intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis (TB)

165
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

variety of test used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently

166
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage

167
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

168
Q

pulmon

A

lung

169
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea in patients who are unable to breathe on their own or to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia

170
Q

endo

A

in, within

171
Q

postural drainage

A

use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities

172
Q

thoracocentesis

A

use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space; also called thoracentesis

173
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

174
Q

tracheostomy

A

incision into the trachea (tracheotomy) and creation of a permanent opening through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted to keep the opening patent (accessible or wide open)

175
Q

-stomy

A

forming an opening

176
Q

bronchodilators

A

dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhaled via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

177
Q

corticosteroids

A

suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi

178
Q

expectorants

A

improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract

179
Q

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

device that enables the patient to self-administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation

180
Q

nebulized mist treatment (NMT)

A

method of administering medication directly into the lungs using a device (nebulizer) that produces a fine spray; also called aerosol therapy.

181
Q

pleurisy

A

is an inflammation of the pleura

182
Q

croup

A

is an acute respiratory syndrome of childhood characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

183
Q

hypoxemia

A

is a deficiency of oxygen in the blood

184
Q

corticosteroids

A

are hormonal agents that reduce edema and inflammation

185
Q

CF (cystic fibrosis)

A

is a disease that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system dude to production of thick mucus

186
Q

stridor

A

is a high-pitched musical sound made on inspiration resulting from an obstruction of air passages

187
Q

asthma

A

is a respiratory disorder marked by recurrent attacks or difficult or labored breathing accompanied by wheezing

188
Q

bronchodilators

A

are drugs that dilate the bronchioles and bronchi to increase airflow

189
Q

pneumothorax

A

refers to a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity

190
Q

ABGs

A

involve analyzing oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in an arterial blood sample

191
Q

epistaxis

A

is a hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed

192
Q

anosmia

A

is an absence or decrease in the sense of smell

193
Q

PFT (pulmonary function test)

A

refers to any of several tests used to evaluate respiratory function

194
Q

Mantoux

A

is an intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis

195
Q

atelectasis

A

is a collapse of lung tissue, preventing the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

196
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

197
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome; acute respiratory distress syndrome

198
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

199
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

200
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

201
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

202
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

203
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

204
Q

IV

A

intravenous

205
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

206
Q

NMT

A

nebulized mist treatment

207
Q

OM

A

otitis media

208
Q

OP

A

outpatient; operative procedure

209
Q

O2

A

oxygen

210
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

211
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

212
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

213
Q

UPP

A

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

214
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

215
Q

anesthesia

A

without feeling

216
Q

biopsy

A

removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease

217
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor

218
Q

expire

A

exhale or to breath out

219
Q

hem/o

A

blood

220
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane supporting a separating muscles

221
Q

hemorrhage

A

bursting of blood from vessel

222
Q

lymph node

A

lymphatic tissue in clusters located in the neck area, under the arm, pelvis, and groin.

223
Q

meatus

A

opening or tunnel through any part of the body, such as the external opening of the urethra

224
Q

metastatic

A

the spread of a cancer from one organ to another

225
Q

necropsy

A

examining of the dead

226
Q

papillary

A

resembling a papilla

227
Q

pathologic

A

caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology

228
Q

pneumonia

A

inhalation of coal dust or other black particles causing abnormality of the lungs

229
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths(polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface

230
Q

polypoid

A

resembling a polyp

231
Q

snare

A

a surgical instrument consisting usually of a wire loop constricted by a mechanism in the handle and used for removing tissue masses (as tonsils or polyps)

232
Q

submaxillary

A

of, relating to, situated, or performed in the region below the lower jaw

233
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

234
Q

bi-

A

life

235
Q

-opsy

A

view of

236
Q

carcin-

A

cancer

237
Q

-rrhage/-rrhagia

A

bursting of

238
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

239
Q

-us

A

condition, structure

240
Q

meta-

A

change, beyond

241
Q

-static

A

pertaining to stopping; controlling

242
Q

necr/o

A

death

243
Q

pneumon-

A

lung

244
Q

polyp-

A

small growth

245
Q

sub-

A

below, under

246
Q

-maxill/o

A

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

247
Q

resembling a polyp

A

polypoid

248
Q

an opening

A

meatus

249
Q

removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination

A

biopsy

250
Q

pertaining to a carcinoma that has spread to a distant site

A

metastatic

251
Q

excision of a polyp

A

polypectomy

252
Q

wire loop instrument used for excision of polyps

A

snare

253
Q

abnormal burst forth of blood

A

hemorrhage

254
Q

administered substance that results in a loss of feeling sensation

A

anesthesia

255
Q

metric abbreviation that refers to a unit of length

A

cm centemeter

256
Q

tumor that is cancerous

A

carcinoma

Medical Terms (6 decks)

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