Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
Suffix
word element placed at the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word
Prefix
a word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root
pre- means
before
basic components of words (3)
word root, suffix, combining form, and prefix
combining form
arthr/o
combining vowels
o and “i”
post- means
after
suffix -itis
inflammation
gastr means
stomach
location of prefixes
beginning of a word
location of suffixes
end of a word
word root
foundation of a word, such as cardi and arthr
The 4 elements used to form medical words are
root, combining form, suffix, and prefix
A root is the main part or foundation of a word. In the words arthritis, arthroma, and artroscope, the root is:
arthr
What is the usual combining vowel?
o
A word root links a suffix that begins with a _______.
vowel
A combining vowel links ________ roots to each other
multiple
A combining form links a suffix that begins with a _______.
consonant.
Whenever a prefix stands alone it will be followed by a _________.
hyphen
In the term intramuscular, intra- is the ________.
prefix
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
arthrodesis
fixation of a joint
nephr-
Kidney
-desis
fixation or binding
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
derm-
skin
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint
-centesis
surgical puncture
gastrectomy
excision of the stomach
hepat/o
liver
arthr-
joint
oste/o
bone
cholangi/o
bile vessel
RULE #1
a word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel
RULE #2
a combining form (root+o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant
RULE #3
a combining vowel links a root to another root to form a compound word.
append-
appendix
-ectomy
excision, removal
gastr-
stomach
-itis
inflammation
colon/o OR -col-
colon
-scope
instrument for examining
-enter-
intestine (usually small intestine)
chondr
cartilage
Mast/ectomy
excision of a breast
mast-
breast
tonsil/itis
inflammation of the tonsil
colon/o/scope
instrument to examine the colon
oste/o/malacia
softening of a bone
-malacia
softening of the
post/nat/al
the period after birth
arthr/o/centesis
a surgical puncture of a joint
arthr/o/pathy
disease of the joints
a prefix that means before is
pre-
the combining form for stomach is
gastr/o
the suffix for disease is
-pathy
the combining form for breast is
mast/o
the suffix that means instrument to examine is
-scope
the combining form append/o refers to
appendix
gastro/enter/itis
is an inflammation of the stomach and the (small) intestine
the suffix for surgical puncture is
-centesis
col/itis
inflammation of colon
gastr/o/scope
instrument for examining the stomach
hepat/itis
inflammation of the liver
pre/nat/al
pertaining to the period before birth
tonsil/ectomy
excision of the tonsils
tonsill/itis
inflammation of the tonsils
Rule applied and summary: append/ectomy
1: A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
Rule applied and summary: arthr/o/centesis
2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant
Rule applied and summary: col/ectomy
1: A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
Rule applied and summary: colon/o/scope
2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant
Rule applied and summary: gastr/itis
1: A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
Rule applied and summary: gastr/o/enter/o/col/itis
3,1: A CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule holds true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
Rule applied and summary: arthr/o/pathy
2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant
Rule applied and summary: oste/o/arthr/itis
3,1: A CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule holds true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel
Rule applied and summary: oste/o/chondr/itis
3,1: A CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule hold true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. A WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
The diacritical mark “¯” is called
macron
The diacritical mark “µ” is called
breve
The ¯ indicated the ___________ sound of vowels.
long
The µ indicated the ___________sound of vowels.
short
The combination ch is sometimes pronounced like_________. ie cholesterol, cholemia
k
When pn is a the beginning of a word, it is pronouced only with the sound of ___. ie pneumonia, pneumotoxin.
n
when pn is in the middle of a word, the p (is/isn’t) pronounced. ie ortheopnea, hyperpnea.
is
when i is at the end of a word, it is pronounced like (eye, ee)
eye
For ae and oe, only the (first, second) vowel is pronounced. ie bursae, pleurae
second
when e and es from the final letters of a word, they are commonly pronounced as (combined, separate) syllables. ie syncope, systole, nares.
seperate
What is the plural and rule of: sarcoma
sarcomata: retain the ma and add ta
What is the plural and rule of: thrombus
thrombi: drop us and add i
What is the plural and rule of: appendix
appendices: drop ix and add ices
What is the plural and rule of: diverticulum
diverticula: drop um and add a
What is the plural and rule of: ovary
ovaries: drop y and add ies.
What is the plural and rule of: diagnosis
diagnoses: drop is and add es.
What is the plural and rule of: lumen
lumina: drop en and add ina
What is the plural and rule of: vertbra
vertebrae: retain and a and add e
What is the plural and rule of: thorax
thoraces: drop the x and add ces
What is the plural and rule of: spermatozoon
spermatozoa: drop on and add a
oste/o/clasis
surgical breaking or fracture of a bone to correct a deformity AKA osteoclasia
-clasis
surgical breaking or fracturing
arthr/o/desis
binding or fixation of a joint
apprend/ectomy
excision or removal of the appendix
thromb/o/lysis
separation, destruction, or loosening of a blood clot
thromb-
blood clot
-lysis
separation, destruction, or loosening
mast/o/pexy
surgical fixation of the breasts
-pexy
surgical fixation
rhino/o/plasty
surgical repair of the nose
-plasty
surgical repair of
my/o/rrhaphy
suture of the muscle
my/o
muscle
-rrhaphy
suture
