MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY & BODY SYSTEMS Flashcards
body planes
imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections
transverse plane
Horizontal plane dividing the body into a top and bottom half
- Superior = body parts above
other parts - Inferior = body parts below
other parts - Cranial = body parts near the head
- Caudal = body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (or near the tail bone)
Superior
body parts above other parts
Inferior
- Inferior = body parts below other parts
Cranial
body parts near the heads
Caudal
body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (or near the tail bone)
Median Plane
Divides the body into right and left sides
- Medial = body parts located near
the middle or midline of the body - Lateral = body parts located away
from the midline or middle of the body
Medial
body parts located near
the middle or midline of the body
Lateral
body parts located away
from the midline or middle of the body
Frontal Plane
Divides the body into front and back sections
1. Anterior = body parts on the
front of the body
2. Posterior = body parts on the
back of the body
Anterior
body parts on the front of the body
Posterior
body parts on the back of the body
Proximal
body parts close to the point of reference
Distal
body parts away from the point of reference
Body Cavities
Spaces within the body which contain vital organs
Dorsal Cavity
protects the nervous system and is divided into two subdivisions:
-Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the brain
-Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column
and encases the
spinal cord
Cranial cavity
is within the skull and encases the brain
Vertebral cavity
runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord
Ventral cavity
houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions: - Thoracic and
Abdominopelvic cavities
Thoracic cavity
is subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity
-pleural cavities - each houses a lung
- Mediastinum - contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
-Pericardial cavity - encloses the heart
pleural cavities
each houses a lung
Mediastinum
contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
Pericardial cavity
encloses the heart
The abdominopelvic cavity
is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm
It is composed of two subdivisions
- Abdominal cavity - contains the stomach, intestines spleen, liver, and other organs
- Pelvic cavity - lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Abdominal cavity
contains the stomach, intestines spleen, liver, and other organs
Pelvic cavity
lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Oral and digestive
mouth (buccal cavity ) and cavities of the digestive organs
Nasal
located within and posterior to the nose
Orbital
houses the eyes
Middle Ear
contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations
Synovial
joint cavities
