Medical Terminology 9

Question 1

Main purpose of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

for the heart to propel blood throughout the body to provide O2 and nutrients to the cells

Question 2

Major components of cardiovascular system

Answer 2

heart
arteries
veins
capillaries
venules

Question 3

Heart valves

Answer 3

attach to the heart via papillary muscles contiguous with chordae tendonae

4 valves= Rt ventricle and Lt ventricle, aortic and pulmonary

Question 4

Right ventricle

Answer 4

tricuspid valve

Question 5

left ventricle

Answer 5

mitral valve

Question 6

Heart cusps

Answer 6

avascular flaps of tissue that exist on the valves that open and close to allow blood through and keep blood moving in the correct direction, “leaflets”

Question 7

tunica adventitia

Answer 7

outermost layer of the arteries and veins - primarily longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue and a few elastic fibers - gradually merge w/loose connective tissue surrounding vessels

Question 8

tunica media

Answer 8

middle layer of circumferentially arranged layers of vascular smooth muscle cells- external elastic membrane= elastin separating media from adventitia

Question 9

tunica intima

Answer 9

innermost layer= single layer squamous epithelial cells “endothelium” + basal lamina + subendothelial layer (loose connective tissue)

Question 10

leaflets

Answer 10

flat, leaf-shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent backflow of blood

Question 11

lumen

Answer 11

tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body

Question 12

regurgitation

Answer 12

backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening

Question 13

vasoconstriction

Answer 13

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow usually as a result of disease medications or physiological processes

Question 14

vasodilation

Answer 14

widening of the lumen of blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

Question 15

viscosity

Answer 15

thickness or measuring of how resistant a liquid is to flowing

Question 16

sinoatrial node

Answer 16

SA, upper portion of right atrium, pacemaker setting pace for cardiac rate

Question 17

atrioventricular node

Answer 17

AV, lower portion of right atrium receives impulses from the SA node causing atria to contract

Question 18

Bundle of his

Answer 18

AV bundle, conduction fibers sending impulse to purkinje fibers

Question 19

purkinje fibers

Answer 19

extend up ventricle wall, transmitting the impulse to rt and lt ventricles, stimulating contraction

Question 20

Flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart

Answer 20

deox blood returns to right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava

flow through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

deox blood exits the heart through the pulmonic valve into the lt pulmonary artery to the lungs

Question 21

Flow of oxygenated blood through the heart

Answer 21

newly oxygenated blood enters left atrium via the lt and rt pulmonary veins

blood passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle

blood exits the left ventricle through the aorta to the body

Question 22

RCA block

Answer 22

right coronary artery block “widow maker” makes up about 30% of cases,
inferior infarction

Question 23

Circumflex block

Answer 23

lateral infarction, left coronary artery branch block makes up 20% cases

Question 24

Left anterior descending artery obstruction

Answer 24

artery of “sudden death” 50% of cases, anterior infarction

Question 25

aneurysm-

Answer 25

aneurysm

Question 26

angio-

Answer 26

vessel

Question 27

aort-

Answer 27

aorta

Question 28

atri-

Answer 28

atrium

Question 29

ather-

Answer 29

fatty plaque

Question 30

cardi-

Answer 30

heart

Question 31

embol-

Answer 31

embolus, plus

Question 32

phleb-

Answer 32

vein

Question 33

sept-

Answer 33

septum

Question 34

sphygm-

Answer 34

pulse

Question 35

-cardia

Answer 35

heart condition

Question 36

-stenosis

Answer 36

narrowing, stricture

Question 37

brady-

Answer 37

slow

Question 38

extra-

Answer 38

outside

Question 39

peri-

Answer 39

around

Question 40

trans-

Answer 40

across

Question 41

aneurysm

Answer 41

localized abnormal dilation of vessel, usually an artery

Question 42

arrythmia

Answer 42

irregularity in the rate or rhythm of heart

Question 43

fibrillation

Answer 43

abnormally rabid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium

Question 44

tachycardia

Answer 44

abnormally fast but regular rhythm (up to 200 beats per min)

Question 45

bruit

Answer 45

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, or the movement of blood as it passes and obstruction

Question 46

palpitation

Answer 46

sensation of an irregular heartbeat (pounding, racing, skipping a beat, flutter)

Question 47

cardiomyopathy

Answer 47

disease or weakness of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

Question 48

coarctation

Answer 48

narrowing of a vessel (the aorta)

Question 49

embolism

Answer 49

intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life-threatening situations

Question 50

hyperlipidemia

Answer 50

excessive amounts of lipids in the blood (cholesterol, phopholipids, tryglcerides)

Question 51

hypertension

Answer 51

elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mmHg

Question 52

hypotension

Answer 52

low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mmHg

Question 53

priapism

Answer 53

prolonged painfull erections of the penis occurring without stimulation

Question 54

peripheral artery disease

Answer 54

reduced flow of blood to the extremities commonly the result of artherosclerosis

Question 55

phlebitis

Answer 55

inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of arms/legs (more commonly in legs)

Question 56

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 56

serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves (mitral valve)

Question 57

syncope

Answer 57

partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain "fainting"

Question 58

thrombosis

Answer 58

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

Question 59

holter monitor test

Answer 59

monitor heart for problems over an extended period of times

Question 60

stress test

Answer 60

evaluates heart reaction to physical activity/ stress

Question 61

angiography

Answer 61

X ray used to check blood vessels

Question 62

echocardiography

Answer 62

ultrasound checking function and structure of the heart

Question 63

myocardial perfusion imaging

Answer 63

usually done with a stress test see how well heart is profusing

Question 64

cardiac MRI

Answer 64

check for defects

Question 65

magnetic resonance angiography

Answer 65

defects for vessels MRI for vessels

Question 66

multiple gated acquisition scan

Answer 66

3D imaging clotting, defects

Question 67

Cardiac catherization

Answer 67

catheter inserted through a vessel and fed up through to the heart

Question 68

angioplasty

Answer 68

stent in vessel

Question 69

cardiac ablation

Answer 69

for A fib scars up right atrium

Question 70

coronary artery bypass graft

Answer 70

use of vessel, usually leg, to bypass the coronary artery if to blocked

Question 71

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Answer 71

stops and starts heart - used for a fib

Question 72

cardioversion

Answer 72

use of quick, low energy shocks to restore regular heart rhythm

Question 73

AAA

Answer 73

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 74

ACE

Answer 74

angiotensin- converting enzyme

Question 75

BP

Answer 75

blood pressure