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Intro to Anatomical Pathology > Medical Terminology 9 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology 9 Flashcards

Cardiovascular System

1
Q

Main purpose of the cardiovascular system

A

for the heart to propel blood throughout the body to provide O2 and nutrients to the cells

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2
Q

Major components of cardiovascular system

A

heart
arteries
veins
capillaries
venules

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3
Q

Heart valves

A

attach to the heart via papillary muscles contiguous with chordae tendonae

4 valves= Rt ventricle and Lt ventricle, aortic and pulmonary

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4
Q

Right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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5
Q

left ventricle

A

mitral valve

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6
Q

Heart cusps

A

avascular flaps of tissue that exist on the valves that open and close to allow blood through and keep blood moving in the correct direction, “leaflets”

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7
Q

tunica adventitia

A

outermost layer of the arteries and veins - primarily longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue and a few elastic fibers - gradually merge w/loose connective tissue surrounding vessels

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8
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of circumferentially arranged layers of vascular smooth muscle cells- external elastic membrane= elastin separating media from adventitia

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9
Q

tunica intima

A

innermost layer= single layer squamous epithelial cells “endothelium” + basal lamina + subendothelial layer (loose connective tissue)

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10
Q

leaflets

A

flat, leaf-shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent backflow of blood

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11
Q

lumen

A

tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body

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12
Q

regurgitation

A

backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening

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13
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow usually as a result of disease medications or physiological processes

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14
Q

vasodilation

A

widening of the lumen of blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

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15
Q

viscosity

A

thickness or measuring of how resistant a liquid is to flowing

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16
Q

sinoatrial node

A

SA, upper portion of right atrium, pacemaker setting pace for cardiac rate

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17
Q

atrioventricular node

A

AV, lower portion of right atrium receives impulses from the SA node causing atria to contract

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18
Q

Bundle of his

A

AV bundle, conduction fibers sending impulse to purkinje fibers

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19
Q

purkinje fibers

A

extend up ventricle wall, transmitting the impulse to rt and lt ventricles, stimulating contraction

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20
Q

Flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart

A

deox blood returns to right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava

flow through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

deox blood exits the heart through the pulmonic valve into the lt pulmonary artery to the lungs

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21
Q

Flow of oxygenated blood through the heart

A

newly oxygenated blood enters left atrium via the lt and rt pulmonary veins

blood passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle

blood exits the left ventricle through the aorta to the body

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22
Q

RCA block

A

right coronary artery block “widow maker” makes up about 30% of cases,
inferior infarction

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23
Q

Circumflex block

A

lateral infarction, left coronary artery branch block makes up 20% cases

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24
Q

Left anterior descending artery obstruction

A

artery of “sudden death” 50% of cases, anterior infarction

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25
Q

aneurysm-

A

aneurysm

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26
Q

angio-

A

vessel

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27
Q

aort-

A

aorta

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28
Q

atri-

A

atrium

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29
Q

ather-

A

fatty plaque

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30
Q

cardi-

A

heart

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31
Q

embol-

A

embolus, plus

32
Q

phleb-

A

vein

33
Q

sept-

A

septum

34
Q

sphygm-

A

pulse

35
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

36
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

37
Q

brady-

A

slow

38
Q

extra-

A

outside

39
Q

peri-

A

around

40
Q

trans-

A

across

41
Q

aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of vessel, usually an artery

42
Q

arrythmia

A

irregularity in the rate or rhythm of heart

43
Q

fibrillation

A

abnormally rabid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium

44
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally fast but regular rhythm (up to 200 beats per min)

45
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, or the movement of blood as it passes and obstruction

46
Q

palpitation

A

sensation of an irregular heartbeat (pounding, racing, skipping a beat, flutter)

47
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease or weakness of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

48
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing of a vessel (the aorta)

49
Q

embolism

A

intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life-threatening situations

50
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive amounts of lipids in the blood (cholesterol, phopholipids, tryglcerides)

51
Q

hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mmHg

52
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mmHg

53
Q

priapism

A

prolonged painfull erections of the penis occurring without stimulation

54
Q

peripheral artery disease

A

reduced flow of blood to the extremities commonly the result of artherosclerosis

55
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of arms/legs (more commonly in legs)

56
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves (mitral valve)

57
Q

syncope

A

partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain “fainting”

58
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

59
Q

holter monitor test

A

monitor heart for problems over an extended period of times

60
Q

stress test

A

evaluates heart reaction to physical activity/ stress

61
Q

angiography

A

X ray used to check blood vessels

62
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound checking function and structure of the heart

63
Q

myocardial perfusion imaging

A

usually done with a stress test

see how well heart is profusing

64
Q

cardiac MRI

A

check for defects

65
Q

magnetic resonance angiography

A

defects for vessels MRI for vessels

66
Q

multiple gated acquisition scan

A

3D imaging clotting, defects

67
Q

Cardiac catherization

A

catheter inserted through a vessel and fed up through to the heart

68
Q

angioplasty

A

stent in vessel

69
Q

cardiac ablation

A

for A fib scars up right atrium

70
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

use of vessel, usually leg, to bypass the coronary artery if to blocked

71
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

A

stops and starts heart - used for a fib

72
Q

cardioversion

A

use of quick, low energy shocks to restore regular heart rhythm

73
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

74
Q

ACE

A

angiotensin- converting enzyme

75
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

Intro to Anatomical Pathology (13 decks)

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