Medical Terminology 5

Question 1

main components of the endocrine system

Answer 1

adrenal gland
ovaries
parathyroid
thyroid
pancreas
pineal gland
pituitary
testes
thymus

Question 1

Main function of the endocrine system

Answer 1

production of hormones that cause changes to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

peptides hormones

Answer 2

dissolve readily in the blood and generally do not require special transport proteins

Question 3

steroids

Answer 3

cholesterol derived compounds transported by specialized carrier proteins

Question 4

amino acids and analogs

Answer 4

made and secreted by neurons and cells such as adrenal medulla

Question 5

endocrine

Answer 5

hormone secreted to the blood to transport

Question 6

paracrine

Answer 6

hormone secreted to an adjacent cell with certain receptors

Question 7

autocrine

Answer 7

hormone responds to receptor located on the cell that produces it = self regulating activity

Question 8

anatagonistic

Answer 8

mutually opposing

Question 9

electrolytes

Answer 9

salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body

Question 10

glucagon

Answer 10

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulate the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

simple sugar from carb digestion

Question 12

sympathomimetic

Answer 12

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system flight or fight response

Question 13

adren-

Answer 13

adrenal

Question 14

cal-

Answer 14

calcium

Question 15

crin-

Answer 15

secrete

Question 16

gluc-

Answer 16

sugar, sweetness

Question 17

home-

Answer 17

same, alike

Question 18

kal-

Answer 18

potassium

Question 19

pancreat-

Answer 19

pancreas

Question 20

thym-

Answer 20

thymus

Question 21

thyr-

Answer 21

thyroid

Question 22

toxic-

Answer 22

poison

Question 23

-crine

Answer 23

secrete

Question 24

-dipsia

Answer 24

thirst

Question 25

-gen

Answer 25

forming, producing, origin

Question 26

-uria

Answer 26

urine

Question 27

eu-

Answer 27

good

Question 28

exo-

Answer 28

outside

Question 29

poly-

Answer 29

many

Question 30

pineal gland

Answer 30

responsible for regulation of the circadian rhythm located behind the thymus

Question 31

hypothalamus

Answer 31

regulates the pituitary gland activity, BP, body temp, fluid/electrolyte balance, body weight and appetite

Question 32

pituitary gland

Answer 32

a pea sized gland at the base of the brain

Question 33

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 33

regulating the endocrine glands and some non-endocrine glands

Question 34

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 34

extension of the CNS storing and releasing product from the hypothalamus

Question 35

Thyroid

Answer 35

function of normal growth and development

Question 36

parathyroid

Answer 36

regulates blood calcium levels with PTH and calcitonin

Question 37

pancreas

Answer 37

regulate blood glucose levels using insulin and glucagon

Question 38

insulin

Answer 38

major hormone lowering the blood sugar with principle effects on the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 39

glucagon

Answer 39

increases blood sugar stimulating the release of glucose into the blood gluconeogenesis to create glucose to be used

Question 40

adrenal glands

Answer 40

regulates the metabolism and maintains normal electrolytes balance

Question 41

acromegaly

Answer 41

hypersecreation of growth hormone in adults resulting in enlargment of bones in the extremities and head

Question 42

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Answer 42

disorder characterized by excessive thirst and excessive urination due to inappropriate production of antidiuretic hormone

Question 43

diuresis

Answer 43

increased formation and secreation of urine

Question 44

dwarfism

Answer 44

hyposecreation of growth hormone during childhood, result in shortness but otherwise normal body proportion

Question 45

gestational diabetes

Answer 45

diabetes developing during pregnancy - may be remain after birth

Question 46

gigantism

Answer 46

hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood resulting in abnormal increase in length of long bones and extreme height but with proportions normal

Question 47

hirsutism

Answer 47

excessive distibution of body hair - especially in women

Question 48

hypovolemia

Answer 48

abnormal decrease in the volume of blood plasma

Question 49

hyponatermia

Answer 49

lower than normal levels of sodium in the blood (water retention)

Question 50

insulinoma

Answer 50

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas causing excessive insulin production = hypoglycemia

Question 51

panhypopituitarism

Answer 51

total pituitary impairment = general loss of hormonal activity

Question 52

thyroid storm

Answer 52

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release of increased thyroid hormone into the blood

Question 53

virilism

Answer 53

masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in women

Question 54

addison disease

Answer 54

chronic disorder because of cortical hormone deficiency resulting from damage to or atrophy of adrenal cortex

Question 55

cushing syndrome

Answer 55

cluster of symptoms produced by excessive amounts of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone or both circulating in the blood- altering carb and protein metabolism and electrolyte balance

Question 56

pheochromocytoma

Answer 56

adrenal medullary tumor which produces excessive amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine - produce high BP, rapid HR, stress, fear, palpitations, headaches, visual blurring, muscle spams and sweating

Question 57

endocrine tests

Answer 57

A1C glucose tolerance insulin tolerance thyroid function

Question 58

endocrine procedures

Answer 58

parathyroidectomy thyroidectomy transsphenoidal hyophysectomy insulin pump therapy

Question 59

TH

Answer 59

thyroid hormone

Question 60

TSH

Answer 60

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 61

TFT

Answer 61

thyroid function test

Question 62

GTT

Answer 62

glucose tolerance test

Question 63

DKA

Answer 63

diabetic ketoacidosis