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Intro to Anatomical Pathology > Medical Terminology 5 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology 5 Flashcards

endocrine system

1
Q

main components of the endocrine system

A

adrenal gland
ovaries
parathyroid
thyroid
pancreas
pineal gland
pituitary
testes
thymus

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1
Q

Main function of the endocrine system

A

production of hormones that cause changes to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

peptides hormones

A

dissolve readily in the blood and generally do not require special transport proteins

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3
Q

steroids

A

cholesterol derived compounds transported by specialized carrier proteins

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4
Q

amino acids and analogs

A

made and secreted by neurons and cells such as adrenal medulla

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5
Q

endocrine

A

hormone secreted to the blood to transport

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6
Q

paracrine

A

hormone secreted to an adjacent cell with certain receptors

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7
Q

autocrine

A

hormone responds to receptor located on the cell that produces it = self regulating activity

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8
Q

anatagonistic

A

mutually opposing

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9
Q

electrolytes

A

salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body

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10
Q

glucagon

A

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulate the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose

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11
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar from carb digestion

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12
Q

sympathomimetic

A

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system flight or fight response

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13
Q

adren-

A

adrenal

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14
Q

cal-

A

calcium

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15
Q

crin-

A

secrete

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16
Q

gluc-

A

sugar, sweetness

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17
Q

home-

A

same, alike

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18
Q

kal-

A

potassium

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19
Q

pancreat-

A

pancreas

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20
Q

thym-

A

thymus

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21
Q

thyr-

A

thyroid

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22
Q

toxic-

A

poison

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23
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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24
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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25
Q

-gen

A

forming, producing, origin

26
Q

-uria

A

urine

27
Q

eu-

A

good

28
Q

exo-

A

outside

29
Q

poly-

A

many

30
Q

pineal gland

A

responsible for regulation of the circadian rhythm

located behind the thymus

31
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates the pituitary gland activity, BP, body temp, fluid/electrolyte balance, body weight and appetite

32
Q

pituitary gland

A

a pea sized gland at the base of the brain

33
Q

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

regulating the endocrine glands and some non-endocrine glands

34
Q

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

extension of the CNS storing and releasing product from the hypothalamus

35
Q

Thyroid

A

function of normal growth and development

36
Q

parathyroid

A

regulates blood calcium levels with PTH and calcitonin

37
Q

pancreas

A

regulate blood glucose levels using insulin and glucagon

38
Q

insulin

A

major hormone lowering the blood sugar with principle effects on the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

39
Q

glucagon

A

increases blood sugar stimulating the release of glucose into the blood gluconeogenesis to create glucose to be used

40
Q

adrenal glands

A

regulates the metabolism and maintains normal electrolytes balance

41
Q

acromegaly

A

hypersecreation of growth hormone in adults resulting in enlargment of bones in the extremities and head

42
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

disorder characterized by excessive thirst and excessive urination due to inappropriate production of antidiuretic hormone

43
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secreation of urine

44
Q

dwarfism

A

hyposecreation of growth hormone during childhood, result in shortness but otherwise normal body proportion

45
Q

gestational diabetes

A

diabetes developing during pregnancy - may be remain after birth

46
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood resulting in abnormal increase in length of long bones and extreme height but with proportions normal

47
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive distibution of body hair - especially in women

48
Q

hypovolemia

A

abnormal decrease in the volume of blood plasma

49
Q

hyponatermia

A

lower than normal levels of sodium in the blood (water retention)

50
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas causing excessive insulin production = hypoglycemia

51
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

total pituitary impairment = general loss of hormonal activity

52
Q

thyroid storm

A

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release of increased thyroid hormone into the blood

53
Q

virilism

A

masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in women

54
Q

addison disease

A

chronic disorder because of cortical hormone deficiency resulting from damage to or atrophy of adrenal cortex

55
Q

cushing syndrome

A

cluster of symptoms produced by excessive amounts of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone or both circulating in the blood- altering carb and protein metabolism and electrolyte balance

56
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

adrenal medullary tumor which produces excessive amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine - produce high BP, rapid HR, stress, fear, palpitations, headaches, visual blurring, muscle spams and sweating

57
Q

endocrine tests

A

A1C
glucose tolerance
insulin tolerance
thyroid function

58
Q

endocrine procedures

A

parathyroidectomy
thyroidectomy
transsphenoidal hyophysectomy
insulin pump therapy

59
Q

TH

A

thyroid hormone

60
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

61
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

62
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

63
Q

DKA

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

Intro to Anatomical Pathology (13 decks)

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