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Intro to Anatomical Pathology > Medical Terminology 6 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology 6 Flashcards

Gyn reproductive system

1
Q

What is the function of the gyn reproductive system

A

to produce and transport ova

discharge unfertilized ova

nourish the fetus through pregnancy

develop breasts to feed baby

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2
Q

main components

A

ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva
mammary glands

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3
Q

external genitalia

A

(vulva) sex or reproductive organs visible on the outside of the body

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4
Q

gestation

A

length of time from conception to birth

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5
Q

lactation

A

production and release of milk by mammary glands

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6
Q

orifice

A

mouth, entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure

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7
Q

cornu

A

corners of fundus (where the adnexa attach to the uterus)

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8
Q

fundus

A

upper, broad aspect

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9
Q

corpus (body)

A

body of uterus -includes endometrial cavity

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10
Q

lower uterine segment

A

lower aspect of endometrial cavity near junction with endocervix

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11
Q

cervix

A

constricted portion of the uterus opening into the vagina

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12
Q

ovaries

A

produce gametes (oogenesis) and steroid hormone production (steroidogenesis)

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13
Q

oogenesis

A

production of gametes

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14
Q

steroidogenesis

A

steroid hormone production

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15
Q

estrogen

A

promote growth/ maturation of internal and external sex organ - signals mammary glands to promote breast development during gestation

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16
Q

progestrogens

A

prepare internal sex organs for pregnancy

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17
Q

cortex

A

follicules in a cellular connective tissue-smooth muscle stroma around the follicules (periphery)

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18
Q

medulla

A

central portion of the ovary - mass of contorted vessels and nerves with loose connective tissue

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19
Q

surface of ovaries

A

covered by germinal epithelium

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20
Q

tunica albuginea

A

underlines germinal epithelium adjacent to cortex

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21
Q

fallopian tubes

A

transport ovum from ovary to uterus for envt of fertilization

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22
Q

infundibulum

A

near the fimbriated end, toward ovary

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23
Q

ampulla

A

longest segment 2/3 of length of fallopian tube

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24
Q

isthmus

A

narrow medical segment, within the gyn system this the area connecting the fallopian tube and uterus

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25
Q

uterine/ intramural

A

within the uterine wall - opens into uterine cavity

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26
Q

menstrual cycle Days 1-5

A

“menstrual” uterine endometrium sloughs off with hormones stimulation

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27
Q

menstrual cycle Days 6-14

A

“ovulatory” endometrium begins to thicken as new tissue is rebuild - ova begin to mature in graafian follicles, one reaching full maturity - day 14 follicule ruptures

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28
Q

menstrual cycle Days 15- 28

A

“postovulatry” empty follicle fills w yellow material -corpus luteum- secreations of estrogen/progestorone stimulating the building of endometrium

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29
Q

mammary glands

A

secretes milk for the nourishment of newborns-lactation

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30
Q

estrogen

A

stimulates formation of adipose tissue

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31
Q

areola

A

contains sebaceous glands sweat glands and modified mammary glands for protection, lubrication and dicouraging microbial growth

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32
Q

breast cancer risk factors

A

hormonal exposure and genetic predisposition

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33
Q

prognostic factors for breast cancer

A

size
tumor type
grade
spread?
hormone receptor status
gene signitures

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34
Q

ER

A

estrogen receptors

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35
Q

PR

A

progesterone receptor

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36
Q

Her2

A

receptor for breast

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37
Q

mutations associated with breast cancer

A

BRCA1 BRCA2 TP53

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38
Q

dilation in relation to labor and delivery

A

uterine contraction

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39
Q

expulsion- labor and delivery

A

time from complete dilation to birth

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40
Q

placenta

A

contractions discharge placenta through the cervix

41
Q

amni-

A

amnion (thin membrane sac around fetus)

42
Q

cervic-

A

cervix

43
Q

colp-

A

vagina

44
Q

galact-

A

milk

45
Q

gynec-

A

women, female

46
Q

gynec-

A

women, female

47
Q

hyster-

A

uterus

48
Q

mamm-

A

breast

49
Q

men-

A

menstrual

50
Q

nat-

A

birth

51
Q

oophor-

A

ovary

52
Q

salping-

A

fallopian tube

53
Q

-arche

A

beginning

54
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

55
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant women

56
Q

-para

A

to bear

57
Q

-salpinx

A

tube

58
Q

-tocia

A

childbirth

59
Q

Gravida Para

A

live birth vs pregnancy numbers

60
Q

ante-

A

before, in front of

61
Q

endo-

A

within

62
Q

multi-

A

many, much

63
Q

primi-

A

first

64
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening

65
Q

dyspareunia

A

pain during intercourse

66
Q

endocervicitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa lining the cervix uteri

67
Q

premenstrual syndrome

A

symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation

68
Q

sterility

A

inability of the female to become pregnant or male to impregnate the female

69
Q

amenorrhea

A

no period

70
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful period

71
Q

menorrhagia

A

abnormally heavy prolonged period

72
Q

metrorrhagia

A

irregular bleeding between periods or after menopause

73
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

abnormally light or infrequent period

74
Q

leiomyomata

A

uterine fibroid - benign tumor of muscle/fibrous tissue arising from myometrium of the uterus

75
Q

adenomyosis

A

presence of endometrium within the myometrium

76
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus “implants” usually abdomen, fallopian tube or ovaries

77
Q

abortion

A

termination of pregnency before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own

78
Q

breech presenation

A

fetal buttocks or feet present first not head

79
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of the uterus/ within ectopic pregnancy/placenta

80
Q

down syndrome

A

extra copy of chromosome 21 -physical and mental development is altered

81
Q

eclampsia

A

severe maternal hypertension, proteinuria, peripheral edema and coagulation abnormalities combined w hyperreflexia and convulsions

82
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature seperation of the placenta from the uterine wall before 3rd stage of labor

83
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized ovum implant outside of the uterine lining - usually fallopian tube

84
Q

placenta previa

A

obstetric complication in which placenta is attached close to/ covers cervical canal-severe bleeding

85
Q

amniocentesis

A

amniotic fluid extracted for genetic testing

86
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

chromosomal analysis test from the placenta

87
Q

cordocentesis

A

umbilical blood sampling for anemia

88
Q

endometrial biopsy

A

biopsy of endometrium usually curettings

89
Q

papanicolaou test

A

pap smear - examine cervical cells for cancer

90
Q

pelvemia

A

see how wide pelvis is

91
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

HSG look at lumen of fallopian tubes for blockage

92
Q

mammography

A

look at breast parenchyma

93
Q

cesarean section

A

c section cut out baby

94
Q

conization

A

cone of the cervix is taken usually for cancer testing

95
Q

cryosurgery

A

freezing the cervical tissue and endometrial tissue as well as genital warts

96
Q

D&C

A

collection of curettings

97
Q

hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus

98
Q

laparoscopy

A

minimal invasive surgery to look at abdominal organs

Intro to Anatomical Pathology (13 decks)

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