Medical Terminology 8

Question 1

main function of the urinary system

Answer 1

regulate extracellular fluids in the body
key in homeostasis

Question 2

main components

Answer 2

Kidney
ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 3

Kidney structure

Answer 3

cortex, striations and medulla

Question 4

cortex

Answer 4

outer parenchyma

Question 5

striations

Answer 5

medullary rays - striations in the cortes and medulla tissue- renal tubules

Question 6

medulla

Answer 6

straight tubules, collecting ducts and vasa recta

Question 7

cortical tissue

Answer 7

columns around medulla

Question 8

kidney functions

Answer 8

homeostasis through conservation of fluid and electrolytes, dispose of metabolic waste, maintain plasma pH

receive 25% CARDIAC output

endocrine

secrete synthesis of acid protease renin

hydroxylate D3 vitamin to active form

Question 9

endocrine function of the kidney

Answer 9

synthesis and secretion of erthroprotein

Question 10

nephrons

Answer 10

filtering unit in the kidney

Question 11

function of nephrons

Answer 11

filtration - water electrolytes sugar and small molecules in blood plasma pass into bowmans capsule to form filtrate

reabsorption- filtrate travels through the tubules and electrolytes, water and amino acids reenter the blood stream

secretion - peritubular capillaries secrete waste into the renal tubules for removal in urine

Question 12

ureter

Answer 12

urine leaves collecting ducts at cribrosa and goes through the minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, exits kidney through ureter

Question 13

transitional epithelium

Answer 13

lines tubule structure with stratified cells
transitional carcinoma

Question 14

bladder

Answer 14

distendible reservoir for urine, posterior to public symphysis

trigone and dome made of muscle and nerves

Question 15

bladder sympathetic

Answer 15

release noradrinaline

Question 16

parasympathetic bladder

Answer 16

from S2-S4 spinal cord and travel w/ pelvic splanchinic nerves into the terminal ganglia in muscles and adventitia of bladder

Question 17

urethra

Answer 17

conveys urine from bladder to exterior

3-5cm in women
up to 20cm in men

Question 18

electrolyte

Answer 18

mineral salts of the body that carries an electrical charge and regulates nerve impulses, muscle contractions, hydration, and blood pH

Question 19

filtrate

Answer 19

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of glomeruli into Bowmen capsule

Question 20

nitrogenous waste

Answer 20

product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine, and ammonia

Question 21

peristaltic contractions

Answer 21

sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

Question 22

peritoneum

Answer 22

serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

Question 23

plasma

Answer 23

liquid portionof blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved wastes

Question 24

albumin-

Answer 24

albumin, protein

Question 25

azot-

Answer 25

nitrogenous compounds

Question 26

bacteri-

Answer 26

bacteria

Question 27

vesic/cyst-

Answer 27

bladder

Question 28

glomerul-

Answer 28

glomerulus

Question 29

keton-

Answer 29

ketone bodies

Question 30

lith-

Answer 30

stone, calculus

Question 31

meat-

Answer 31

opening

Question 32

noct-

Answer 32

night

Question 33

pyel-

Answer 33

pelvis

Question 34

-iasis

Answer 34

abnormal condition

Question 35

-uria

Answer 35

urine

Question 36

dia-

Answer 36

through across

Question 37

retro-

Answer 37

backwards, behind

Question 38

anuria

Answer 38

absence of urine production or output

Question 39

bladder neck obstruction

Answer 39

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine flow to urethra

Question 40

cystocele

Answer 40

prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissue between the bladder and vagina

Question 41

end stage renal disease

Answer 41

any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function

Question 42

enuresis

Answer 42

incontinence, involuntary discharge of urine

Question 43

fistula

Answer 43

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

Question 44

hydronephrosis

Answer 44

abnormal dialation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the tract

Question 45

interstitial cystitis

Answer 45

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy

Question 46

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 46

loss of large amount of albumin through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

Question 47

neurogenic bladder

Answer 47

impairment of bladder control as a result of brain spinal cord and nerve damage

Question 48

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 48

inherited disease fluid filled sacs develop

Question 49

pyelonephritis

Answer 49

infection of the kidney, usually bc of infection that began in the urethra and ascends to the ureter and kidney

Question 50

urgency

Answer 50

sensation of the need to void immediately

Question 51

vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 51

disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually and impairment of valves or obstruction - can cause backward movement (impairment)

Question 52

Wilms tumor

Answer 52

rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children “nephroblastoma”

Question 53

electromyography

Answer 53

evaluates muscle and nerve health

Question 54

cystoscopy

Answer 54

procedure for observation through urethra to look at bladder

Question 55

urinalysis

Answer 55

look at urine

Question 56

bladder ultrasound

Answer 56

check hollow space (bladder)

Question 57

renal nuclear scan

Answer 57

use of isotopes to look at structures

Question 58

renal transplant

Answer 58

donation of kidney - original kidney will stay unless risk of infection

Question 59

nephrostomy

Answer 59

create a temporary opening in the black to drain urine

Question 60

ureteral stent placement

Answer 60

to drain or do nephralysis

Question 61

hemodialysis

Answer 61

filters blood when kidneys are not working

Question 62

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 62

treatment for kidney failure that goes through the peritoneum -abdomnal wall to filter blood