Medical, Surgical, Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards
1
Q
Infusion therapy
Medical
A
Delivery of fluids directly into the blood stream via a vein for treating various disorders; also called IV therapy.
2
Q
Ablation
Surgical
A
Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)
3
Q
Anastomosis
Surgical
A
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
4
Q
Cauterize
Surgical
A
Destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals
5
Q
Curettage
Surgical
A
Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette (curet)
6
Q
Incision and drainage
Surgical
A
Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity
7
Q
Laser and surgery
Surgical
A
Use of high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, stop bleeding blood vessels, or for cosmetic purposes
8
Q
Resection
Surgical
A
Removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue
9
Q
Revision
Surgical
A
Surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery
10
Q
Assessment techniques
Clinical/diagnostic
A
Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient.
11
Q
Inspection
Clinical/diagnostic
A
General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas
12
Q
Palpation
Clinical/diagnostic
A
Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures
13
Q
Percussion
Clinical/diagnostic
A
Tapping a structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure.
14
Q
Auscultation
Clinical/ diagnostic
A
Listening to the heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to access the presence and quality of sounds.
15
Q
Endoscopy
Endoscopic/diagnostic
A
Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.
16
Q
Blood chemistry analysis
Laboratory/diagnostic
A
Laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to evaluate various substances to determine whether they fall within a normal range.
17
Q
Complete blood count (CBC)
Laboratory/diagnostic
A
Panel of blood tests used as a broad screening test for anemia’s, infections, and other diseases
18
Q
Organ-disease panels
Laboratory/diagnostic
A
Series of blood tests used to evaluate a specific organ (liver panel) or disease (anemia panel)
19
Q
Computed tomography
Imaging/diagnostic
A
Imaging technique in which x-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned and a computer measures the intensity of transmitted x-rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography
20
Q
Fluoroscopy
Imaging/diagnostic
A
Technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion
21
Q
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Imaging/diagnostic
A
Technique that uses radio waves and strong magnetic field, rather than an X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
22
Q
Nuclear scan
Imaging/diagnostic
A
Technique in which a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) is used to produce images of organs and structures.
23
Q
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Imaging/diagnostic
A
Computed tomography récords the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
24
Q
Radiography
Imaging/diagnostic
A
Technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray
25
Single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)
Imaging/diagnostic
Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography(CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs
26
Ultrasonography (US)
Imaging/diagnostic
High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo
27
Biopsy
Surgical/diagnostic
Removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
28
Excisional
Surgical/diagnostic
Biopsy in which the entire lesson is removed
29
Incisional
Surgical/diagnostic
Biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed
30
Chemical peel
Medical
Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis; also called chemabrasion
31
Cryosurgery
Use of sub freezing temperatures (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue
32
Debrisement
Medical
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
33
Dermabrasion
Rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis
34
Fulguration
Tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesiccation
35
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called a photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys cells.
36
Biopsy (Bx, bx)
Surgical
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination.
37
Frozen section (FS)
Ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
38
Needle
Surgical
Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
39
Punch
Surgical
Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
40
Shave
Surgical
Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade.
41
Mohs
Surgical
Layers of cancer-containing skin progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains
42
Skin graft
Surgical
Transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site
43
Allograft
Surgical
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft
44
Autograft
Surgical
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
45
Synthetic
Surgical
Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
46
xenograft
Surgical
Transplantation (Demis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft
47
allergy skin test
Diagnostic
Any test in which a suspected allergen or sentisizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s sensitivity to it
48
intradermal
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for subsequent reaction
49
Path
Diagnostic
Skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch which is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic response
50
Scratch
Diagnostic
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin; also called puncture or prick test.
51
Culture & sensitivity (C&S)
Diagnostic
Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area (such as an ulcer, wound, or pus from an infection) in order to identify the specific infecting bacterium and then determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs
52
Electromyography
Use of electrical stimulation to diagnose the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them ( motor neurons)
53
Reduction
Closed
Open
Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position
Reduction in which fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery
Reduction in which fractured bones are placed in their proper position during surgery
54
Bone immobilization
Casting
Splinting
Traction
Procedures used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
Bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with player of Paris or similar material
Bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
Bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture
55
Amputation
Partial or complete removal of an extremely due to trauma or circulatory disease
56
Arthrocentesis
Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
57
Arthroclasia
Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
58
Arthroscopy
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor
59
Bone grafting
Implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damages or missing bone tissue
60
Bursectomy
Excision of bursa (pad like sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)
61
Laminectomy
Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
62
Prosthesis fitting
Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute such as an artificial extremity
63
Revision surgery
Bone
Surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn-out prosthesis
Revision surgery to correct misalignment of bones, broken prostheses, and bone fractures occurring around the prostheses
64
Sequestrectomy
Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
65
Synovectomy
Excision of a synovial membrane
66
Total hip replacement (THR)
Surgical procedure to replace a. Hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
67
Arthrography
Series of radiographs taken after infection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
68
Bone density test (bone densitometry)
Noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
69
Discography
Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
70
Lumbosacral spinal radiography
Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
71
Myelography
Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
72
Scintigraphy
Bone
Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
Scintigraphy in which the radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone
73
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses
74
Electromyography (EMG)
Recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it’s at rest and during contraction to
Assess muscular disease or nerve damage
75
Lumbar puncture (LP)
Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radi opaque substances) to be injected called spinal puncture and spinal tap
76
Nerve conduction velocity (NCV)
Test that measures the speed at which impulses travel though a nerve
77
Cryosurgery
Technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it
78
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
```
Precisely focused (stereotactic) radiation beams are used to treat tumors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal
Column and other body site, and delivers high doses of radiation to the tumor with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue
```
79
Thalamotomy
Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain; involuntary movements, including tremors in parkinson disease; or emotional disturbances
80
Tractotomy
Transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord
81
Trephination
Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
82
Ventriculoperitoneal shunting
Relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting (shunting) excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity
83
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
Laboratory test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord; used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage
84
Angiography
Radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium; also called arteriography
85
Computed tomography angiography (CTA)
Angiography in combination with CT scam to produce high-resolution, three dimensional vascular images of the blood vessels
86
Discography
CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots
87
Echoencephalography
Ultrasound technique used to study intracranial structures of the brain and diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain
88
Magnetic source imaging (MSI)
No invasive neuroimaging technique to pinpoint the specific location where seizure activity originated and enable custom surgical treatment for tumor and epileptic tissue resection; also called magnetoencephalography
89
Myelography
Radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors following injection of a contrast medium
90
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Computed tomography that records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
91
Ear irrigation
Flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen (earwax)
92
Sit lamp examination (SLE)
Stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail, which includes the cornea, lens, iris, sclera, and vitreous humor
93
Blepharoplasty
Cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun
94
Pressure equalizing (PE)
Insertion of the tubes through tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis media also called tympanostomy or ventilation
95
Cochlear implant insertion
Placement of an artificial hearing device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear, also called bionic ear
96
Cyclodialysis
Formation of an opening between the anterior I chamber and the Suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma
97
Enucleation
Removal of the eyeball from the orbit
98
Evisceration
Removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact
99
Mastoid antrotomy
Surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process
100
Otoplasty
Corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinma
101
Phacoemulsification
Method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed
102
Radial keratotomy (RK)
Incision of the Correa for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatisms
103
Sclerostomy
Surgical formation of an opening in the sclera
104
Tympanoplasty
Reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty
105
Audiometry
Measurement of hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies
106
Caloric stimulation test
Test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear (acoustic nerve) to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo
107
Electrosyntagmography (ENG)
Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles
108
Gonioscopy
Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma
109
Ophthalmodynamometry
Measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels
110
Ophthalmoscopy
Visual examination of the interior of the eye using a handheld instrument called an ophthalmoscope, which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye
111
Otoscopy
Pneumatic
Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
Procedure that assessed the ability of the tympanic membrane to
Move in response to a change in air pressure
112
Retinoscopy
Evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays
113
Tonometry
Evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the
| Resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force
114
Tuning fork test
Rinne
Weber
Evaluation of sound conduction using a vibrating running fork
Tunning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound
Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time
115
Visual acuity (VA) test
Part of an eye examination that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet
116
Dacryocystography
Radiographic imaging procedure of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts
117
Fluorescein angiography
Evaluation of blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye, which circulates while photographs of the vessels within the eye are obtained
118
Aerosol therapy
Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in most form directly to the lungs or air passageways
119
Antral lavage
Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management
120
Oximetry
Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen
Also called pulse oximetry
121
Polysomnography
Test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recording of brain waves (EEGs), electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and sometimes direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera
122
Postural drainage
Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from
The bronchi and loves of the lungs
123
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform Gad exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane
124
Spirometry
PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
125
Endotracheal intubation
Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
126
Pleurectomy
Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
127
Pneumectomy
Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
128
Septoplasty
Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
129
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
Also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis
130
Tracheostomy
Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
131
Mantoux test
Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
132
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchi using and endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of the structures or for projection on a monitor
133
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
134
Mediastinoscopy
Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart trachea esophagus bronchus thymus and lymph nodes
135
Arterial blood Gas (ABG)
test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
136
Sputum culture
Microbial year used to identify disease causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract especially those that cause pneumonia’s
137
Sweat test
Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat
138
Throat culture
Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
139
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
140
Ventilation percussion (V-Q) scan
Nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs
141
Defibrillation
Electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life threatening arrhythmias
142
Cardioversion
Defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or ventricular tachycardia) and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm
143
Sclerotherapy
Injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
144
Thrombolysis
Destruction of a blood clot using anti clotting agents called clot busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
145
Angioplasty
Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow
146
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow
147
Biopsy
Arterial
Removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
Removal of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis a type of vasculitis
148
Catheter ablation
Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias
Usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance
149
Commissurotomy
Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contact (commissures)
150
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
151
Embolectomy
Removal of an embolus
152
Endarterectomy
Removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
153
Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) insertion
Implantation of a battery powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death
154
Laser ablation
Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
155
Open heart surgery
Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart usually with the assistance of a heart lung machine
156
Stent placement
Placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease induced localized flow constriction
157
Valvotomy
Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening
Used in treating mitral stenosis
158
Cardiac catheterization (CC)
Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
159
Electrophysiology study (EPS)
Procedure used to determine the cause of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the hearts conduction system in a patient with arrhythmia
160
Electrocardiography
Holter monitor test
Stress test
Procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest arms and legs
ECG Galen with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of ECG tracings
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill)
161
Cardiac enzyme studies
Blood test that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood including troponin T, troponin I, and creative kinase (CK-MB)
162
Lipid panel
Series of blood test (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
163
Angiography
Aortography
Coronary
Radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium
Angiography of the aorta and it’s branches after injection of a contrast medium
Angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
164
MRI
Cardiac
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an X-ray beam to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross sectional views of soft tissues
Specialized MRI that provides info on both static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow and velocity
Type of MRI scan that uses magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels
165
Multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scab
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as the contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)
MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as “slices” of the heart (tomography)
166
Nuclear perfusion study
Test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) that is causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries
167
Ultrasonography (US)
Doppler
Echocardiography
High frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an integral body structure
Ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart
Ultrasonography that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess cardiac output
168
Venography
Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein indication obstruction
169
Immunotherapy
Allergy injections
Biological
Any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates or restores the body’s natural immune mechanisms to treat disease
Injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies
Use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and crohn disease
170
Bone marrow aspiration
Removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination
171
Bone marrow transplant
Autologous
Homologous
Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseases bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and or radiation therapy (used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers)
Infusion of the patients own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and or radiation therapy
Infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and or radiation
172
Lymphadenectomy
Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue
173
Sentinel node excision
Removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells
174
Transfusion
Infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another person (recipient)
175
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individuals own body cells
176
Blood culture
Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
177
Complete blood count (CBC)
Series of tests that includes hemoglobin ;hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelet count; and differential count
178
Monospot
Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody which develops several days after injection by Epstein Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis
179
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors
180
Prothrombin time PT
Tests that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time
181
Shilling test
Test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract
182
Lymphangiography
Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system
183
Lymphoscintigraphy
Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node
184
Dialysis
Mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of toxic substances, such as nitrogenous wastes, when kidneys fail to function properly
185
Hemodialysis
Type of dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters the blood, and returns the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patient’s bloodstream
186
Peritoneal
Type of dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfuming (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
187
Kidney transplant
Replacement of a diseased kidney with one tht is supplied by a compatible donor (usually a family member or cadaver who has donated the kidney prior to death)
188
Nephropexy
Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
189
Nephrostomy
The passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so
190
Stent placement
Ureteral
Insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction
Insertion of a thin narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
191
Urethrotomy
Incision of a urethral stricture
192
Electromyography EMG
Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes places in the rectum and urethra
193
Cystoscopy (cysto)
Examination of the urinate bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps using a specialized endoscope
194
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism
195
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
196
Urinalysis (UA)
Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
197
Ultrasonography
Bladder
High frequency waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound sonography and echo
US produces images of the bladder to measure pre and post void residual urine, thus determining bladder volume and potentially identifying incomplete bladder emptying
198
Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Imaging of the urinate tract after IV injection of a contrast medium
199
Nuclear scan
Renal
Technique in which a radiopharmaceutical called tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) is used to produce images of organs and structures
Nuclear scan of the kidneys used to determine their size, shape, and position
200
Voiding cystourethrography VCUG
X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before during and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging
201
Intrauterine device IUD
Small, T shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
202
Cerclage
Suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion
203
Cesarean section
Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called c section
204
Colpocleisis
Surgical closure of the vagina canal
205
Conization
Envision of a cone shaped piece of tissue such as mucosa of the cervix for histological examination
206
Cordocentesis
Sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance
207
Cryosurgery
Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery
208
Dilation and curettage D&C
Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the tissue of the uterine endometrium with a Curette
209
Hysterectomy
Subtotal
Total
Total plus bilateral salpingo oophorectomy
Excision of the uterus
Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes remain
Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and Fallopian tubes remain
Total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes and ovaries
210
Laparoscopy
Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
211
Lumpectomy
Excision of a small primary breast tumor (or lump) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
212
Mammoplasty
Augmentation
Reduction
Surgical reconstruction of the breast’s to change the size shape or position
Insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle
Breast reduction to reduce the size of a large pendulous breast
213
Mastectomy
Total (simple)
Modified radical
Radical
Excision of the entire breast
Excision of the entire breast, Nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin
Excision of the entire breast including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection)
Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes , and chest wall muscles under the breast
214
Reconstructive breast surgery
Tissue (skin) expansion
Creation of a breast shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed due to cancer or their diseases
Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
215
Transverse rectus abdominis muscle TRAM flap
Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaping the abdominal tissue (flap) into a natural looking breast and suturing it into place
216
Tubal ligation
Procedure that ties (ligates) the Fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
217
Amniocentesis
Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasounds guidance using a needle (positioned verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
218
Colposcopy
Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)
219
Insufflation
Tubal
Delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity chamber or organ to allow visual examination, remove and obstruction or apply medication
Test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide
220
Pelvimetry
Measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery
221
Choronic villus sampling CVS
Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
222
Endometrial biopsy
Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
223
Papanicolaou Pap Test
Cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
224
Hysterosalpingography HSG
Radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium
225
Mammography
Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer
226
Ultrasound transvaginal
US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis
227
Digital rectal examination DRE
Screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or evaluate abnormalities of the pelvic area
228
Orchiectomy
Removal of one or both testicles
Also called castration or orchidectomy
229
Circumcision
Removal of the foreskin or fold of skin covering the top (glans) of the penis
230
Orchiopexy
Fixation is the testes in the scrotum
231
Prostatectomy
Transurethral resection of prostate TURP
Removal of all or part of the prostate
Excision of the prostate gland by inserting a special endoscope (resectoscope) through the urethra and into the bladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland
232
Urethroplasty
Reconstruction of the urethra to relive stricture or narrowing
233
Vasectomy
Removal of all of a segment of the vas deferens for male sterilization
234
Prostate specific antigen PSA
Blood test used to detect prostatic disorders especially prostate cancer
235
Semen analysis
Test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy
236
US prostate
Scrotal
US using an ultrasound probe inserted through the rectum to evaluate the prostate
US used to assess the contents of the scrotum including the testicles epididymis and vas deferens
237
Nasogastric intubation
Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication , food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
238
Anastomosis
ileorectal
intestinal
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy
239
Bariatric surgery
Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the results t health problems
240
Vertical banded gastroplasty
Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stalling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays it’s passage from the pouch causing a feeling of fullness
241
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass RGB
Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats
242
Colostomy
Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert decal flow to a colostomy bag
243
Lithotripsy
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
244
Polypectomy
Excision of a polyp
245
Pyloromyotomy
Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus which is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
246
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
247
Hepatitis panel
Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus- hepatitis A HAV, hepatitis B HBV, or hepatitis C HCV, that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
248
Liver function tests LFTs
Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
249
Serum bilirubin
Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
250
Stool culture
Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection
251
Stool guaiac
Test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces ; also called hemoccult
252
Lower gastrointestinal series
Radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum ; also called lower GI series or barium enema
253
Oral cholecystogtaphy OCG
Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
254
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRCP
MRI is used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder in a non invasive manner
255
Sialography
Radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts
256
US Abdominal
US Endoscopic
Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to examine and obtain images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs
257
Upper gastrointestinal series UGIS
Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small insteatine following oral administration of barium
