Integumentary System Flashcards
Keratin
Hard protein material that fills … after the new born cells from the nasal layer rise up to the stratum corneum layer where they die off and are filled.
Melanocytes
Special cells in the Basel layer of the integumentary system
Melanin
A black pigment produced by melanocytes.
Albino
An individual who cannot produce melanin and has a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin.
Epidermis
The outer layer of the skin that’s relatively thin but it’s thickest on the Palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Dermis
The second layer of the skin also called corium; lies beneath the epidermis
Sebaceous
Oil glands located in the dermis layer of the integumentary system
Sudoriferous
Sweat glands located in the dermis layer of the integumentary system
Subcutaneous layer
Also called hypodermis, is the layer of skin beneath the dermis which it binds to underlying structures.
Axillae
Armpits
Hair shaft
The visible part of the hair
Hair follicle
The root of the hair together with its coverings
Papilla
bottom of the hair follicle where there’s a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering
Nail root
Composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering.
Nail bed
As the nail grows, it stays attached to the nail root and slides forward over the layer of epithelium
Lunula
The half-moon-shapes area at the base of the nail is the region where new growth occurs.
Dermatology
Is the medical specialty concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systemic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin.
Dermatologist
The physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
Lesions
Areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection.
Localized
An area of definite size
Systemic
Widely spread throughout the body
First-degree (superficial) burns
The least serious type of burn because they injure only the top layers of the skin (epidermis).
Thermal burn
Contact with dry or moist heat
Sunburn
Spending too much time in the sun
Chemical burn
Exposure of chemicals
Erythema
Skin redness
Second-degree (partial thickness) burns
Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis.
May be caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals/
Vesicles/ bullae
Fluid-filled blisters
Third-degree (full-thickness) burns
The epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underlying connective tissue (bones, muscles, tendons) is damaged, leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch.
May be cause by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, or extremely hot objects; immersion of the body in extremely hot water; or clothing that catches fire.
Dermatoplasty
Skin grafting (reconstruction of skin)
Neoplasms
are abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant.
Benign neoplasms
Are noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing.
Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
Also called cancer
Are composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)
Immunotherapy (biotherapy)
Also called biotherapy
Is a newer treatment that stimulates the body’s own immune defenses to fight tumor cells.
Combined modality treatment
Is a combination of cancer treatments used on a patient
Tumor grade 1
Tumor cells week differentiated
Close resemblance to tissue of origin and thus retaining some specialized functions
Tumor grade 2
Tumor cells moderately or poorly differentiated
Less resemblance to tissue of origin
More variation in size and shape of tumor cells
Increased mitoses
Tumor grading 3
Tumor cells poorly differentiated
Tumor grading 4
Tumor cells are very poorly differentiated
Increased abnormality in appearance with only one remote resemblance to the tissue of origin
Marked variation in shape and size of tumor cells
Greatly increase mitoses
Abnormal appearance to the extent that recognition of the tumors tissue origin is difficult
Extreme variation in size and shape of tumor cells
Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system
Most common system for staging tumors.
Classified solid tumors by size and degree of spread according to 3 basic criteria:
- T- size and invasiveness of the primary tumor
- N- area lymph nodes involved
- M- invasiveness (metastasis) of the primary tumor
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common type of skin cancer, is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis, or hair follicles.
Typically cause by overexposure to sunlight.
Tumors are locally invasive but rarely metastasize
Squamous cell carcinoma
Arises from skin that undergoes pathological hardening (keratinizing) of epidermal cells.
It is an invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair-skinned white men over the age of 60.
Carcinogens
Cancer-causing agents
in situ
A type of squamous cell carcinoma.
Confined to the original site
Invasive
Type of squamous cell carcinoma.
Penetrate the surrounding tissue
Malignant melanoma
Malignant growth of melanocytes
It’s a highly metastatic tumor with a higher mortality rate than basal or squamous cell carcinomas.
