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Medical Terminology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Keratin

A

Hard protein material that fills … after the new born cells from the nasal layer rise up to the stratum corneum layer where they die off and are filled.

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2
Q

Melanocytes

A

Special cells in the Basel layer of the integumentary system

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3
Q

Melanin

A

A black pigment produced by melanocytes.

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4
Q

Albino

A

An individual who cannot produce melanin and has a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin.

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5
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin that’s relatively thin but it’s thickest on the Palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

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6
Q

Dermis

A

The second layer of the skin also called corium; lies beneath the epidermis

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7
Q

Sebaceous

A

Oil glands located in the dermis layer of the integumentary system

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8
Q

Sudoriferous

A

Sweat glands located in the dermis layer of the integumentary system

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9
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Also called hypodermis, is the layer of skin beneath the dermis which it binds to underlying structures.

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10
Q

Axillae

A

Armpits

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11
Q

Hair shaft

A

The visible part of the hair

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12
Q

Hair follicle

A

The root of the hair together with its coverings

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13
Q

Papilla

A

bottom of the hair follicle where there’s a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering

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14
Q

Nail root

A

Composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering.

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15
Q

Nail bed

A

As the nail grows, it stays attached to the nail root and slides forward over the layer of epithelium

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16
Q

Lunula

A

The half-moon-shapes area at the base of the nail is the region where new growth occurs.

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17
Q

Dermatology

A

Is the medical specialty concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systemic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin.

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18
Q

Dermatologist

A

The physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases

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19
Q

Lesions

A

Areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection.

20
Q

Localized

A

An area of definite size

21
Q

Systemic

A

Widely spread throughout the body

22
Q

First-degree (superficial) burns

A

The least serious type of burn because they injure only the top layers of the skin (epidermis).

23
Q

Thermal burn

A

Contact with dry or moist heat

24
Q

Sunburn

A

Spending too much time in the sun

25
Q

Chemical burn

A

Exposure of chemicals

26
Q

Erythema

A

Skin redness

27
Q

Second-degree (partial thickness) burns

A

Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis.
May be caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals/

28
Q

Vesicles/ bullae

A

Fluid-filled blisters

29
Q

Third-degree (full-thickness) burns

A

The epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underlying connective tissue (bones, muscles, tendons) is damaged, leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch.

May be cause by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, or extremely hot objects; immersion of the body in extremely hot water; or clothing that catches fire.

30
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

Skin grafting (reconstruction of skin)

31
Q

Neoplasms

A

are abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant.

32
Q

Benign neoplasms

A

Are noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing.

33
Q

Malignant neoplasms (cancer)

A

Also called cancer

Are composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)

34
Q

Immunotherapy (biotherapy)

A

Also called biotherapy

Is a newer treatment that stimulates the body’s own immune defenses to fight tumor cells.

35
Q

Combined modality treatment

A

Is a combination of cancer treatments used on a patient

36
Q

Tumor grade 1

A

Tumor cells week differentiated

Close resemblance to tissue of origin and thus retaining some specialized functions

37
Q

Tumor grade 2

A

Tumor cells moderately or poorly differentiated

Less resemblance to tissue of origin

More variation in size and shape of tumor cells

Increased mitoses

38
Q

Tumor grading 3

Tumor cells poorly differentiated

Tumor grading 4

Tumor cells are very poorly differentiated

A

Increased abnormality in appearance with only one remote resemblance to the tissue of origin

Marked variation in shape and size of tumor cells

Greatly increase mitoses

Abnormal appearance to the extent that recognition of the tumors tissue origin is difficult

Extreme variation in size and shape of tumor cells

39
Q

Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system

A

Most common system for staging tumors.

Classified solid tumors by size and degree of spread according to 3 basic criteria:

  1. T- size and invasiveness of the primary tumor
  2. N- area lymph nodes involved
  3. M- invasiveness (metastasis) of the primary tumor
40
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

The most common type of skin cancer, is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis, or hair follicles.

Typically cause by overexposure to sunlight.

Tumors are locally invasive but rarely metastasize

41
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Arises from skin that undergoes pathological hardening (keratinizing) of epidermal cells.

It is an invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair-skinned white men over the age of 60.

42
Q

Carcinogens

A

Cancer-causing agents

43
Q

in situ

A

A type of squamous cell carcinoma.

Confined to the original site

44
Q

Invasive

A

Type of squamous cell carcinoma.

Penetrate the surrounding tissue

45
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant growth of melanocytes

It’s a highly metastatic tumor with a higher mortality rate than basal or squamous cell carcinomas.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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