medical nutrition therapy for individuals Flashcards

1
Q

Ulcer: omit___ avoid ___

A

pepper/chili powder, avoid excess caffeine and alcohol

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2
Q

hiatal hernia: ___,___ feedings

A

small bland feedings

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3
Q

Gastrectomy (Billroth I, II) may cause

A

Dumping syndrome

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4
Q

Dumping syndrome happens when rapidly hydrolyzed carb enters ___

A

jejunum, water comes in, BP drop, 2 hrs, absorbed sugar rise, insulin rice, reactive alimentary hypoglycemia

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5
Q

Billroth II affect what nutrients

A

Ca, Fe

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6
Q

pernicious anemia dx is ___

A

schilling test

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7
Q

gastroparesis: delayed ___ ___ may cause ____

A

gastric emptying, hyperglycemia.

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8
Q

bezoar formation in ___ pts dt undigested food/ med

A

gastroparesis

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9
Q

diet for gastroparesis:

A

small frequent meals, pureed food, avoid high fiber high fat.

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10
Q

celiac dz also called

A

non tropical sprue

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11
Q

symptom of celiac dz:

A

malabsorption (loss of fat soluble v) anemia, wt loss, D, steatorrhea

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12
Q

celiac dz need to avoid:

A

bran. graham, malt, bulgur, ccouscous, durum, orzo, thickening agents

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13
Q

small mucosal sacs: dz? diet?

A

diverticular dz, high fiber diet

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14
Q

gastritis is ___ of stomach, symptoms, diet

A

inflammation, anorexia, NVD, clear liquids

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15
Q

IBD has two kinds: regional, chronic

A

chrohn’s dz, UC

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16
Q

tx for IBD

A

Limit fat if steatorrhea, frequent feedings Ca Mg Zn supplement if fatty stool.

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17
Q

Lactose intolerance need to supplement

A

ca and riboflavin

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18
Q

diarrhea diet:

A

40% calories as fat, balance with limited fluids, restrict fruit juices with high osmolar loads

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19
Q

steatorrhea _g is indicative of malabsorption

A

7

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20
Q

SBS short bowel syd involved with which part of SI

A

ileum

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21
Q

what happens if ileal resection

A

B12 bile salt resorption, fluid, increased need for Ca Zn Mg

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22
Q

what to watch for with ilead resection (fat, fluid)

A

limit fat, use MCT to bypass bile salt, supplement Ca, Zn, Mg 1 L more water

23
Q

with liver disease, liver enzymes are ___

A

elevated because tissue damage cause them to leak into circulation

24
Q

___happens when blood cannot leave liver, ___happens when blood cant enter the liver

A

ascites, esophageal varices (connective tissues)

25
diet for cirrhosis :
high protein, high cal, moderate to low fat, low fiber if varices, low sodium if edema, B complex V
26
Alcoholic liver disease explain how metabolism disturbed
alcohol-acetaldehyde, excess hydrogen, replace fat as fuel, fat accumulate
27
asterisix is
flapping, involuntary jerking motions sign on impending coma in ESLD
28
tx of asterisix:
high protein, high cal
29
gallbladder dz, pancreatitis
low fat diet, MCT in P
30
PERT IS
Pancreatic enzymes
31
chronic pancreatitis fat rec: need___for PERT to work
max fat tolerated for wt gain, antacids
32
Acute pancreatitis: fomula
elemental EN nto jejunum
33
Tx for cystic fibrosis
PERT, high prot, cal, fat, salt, all Vs
34
resveratrol is in __ may lower __ ___
red grapes, bp
35
metabolic syn how many risk factors what are those?
3/5 BP (130/85), TG 150, glu 110, waist 40 35, HDL40 50
36
LDL optima
100
37
total cholesterol desirable
200
38
HDL
40 50
39
___ ___ level is independent risk factor for CHD
high homocysteine
40
PUFA MUFA rec from TLC
5-10% pufa, 20% mufa
41
in HT failure pt, evaluate __ because __cannot be converted for energy if not
thiamin, pyruvate
42
hormones involved in renal fx
vasopressin ADH, renin, EPO
43
vasopressin is secreted from __ stored in __ controls ___ ___, increase __ ___
ADH hypothalamus pituitary BP water resorption
44
renin secreted by ___ when __ __ decreases, stimulates __ to increase __ absorption and increase ___ ___
vasoconstrictor, glomerulus, blood volume, aldosterone, sodium, bp
45
renal calculi/kidney stone diets
alkaline ash/acid diets alkaline ash: increase cations, acid ash: anions
46
high oxalate food
dark leafy green, choco, strawberries, nuts, beets tea
47
nephrosis is defect in membrane of ___ which permits ___ of ___ ___ of ___ into ___
glomerulus large amount protein escape filtrate
48
because protein escaped in nephrosis ___is not made, so ___ transport/absorption is interrupted and cause ___, so diet must restrict ___
VLDL, fat, hyperlipidemia, fat
49
CKD Stage 123 will have GFR > ___ NO ___symptoms
60 uremic
50
potassium generally not restricted unless serum level ___ and urine output is ____/day
elevated
51
risk factor for DM: acanthosis nigricans
gray-brown skin pigmentations in skin folds
52
mgt goal for DM preprandial post prandial
70-130 180
53
gestational diabetes increased risk of ___ ___
fetal macrosomia