Medical Nutrition Therapy Flashcards
Hemodialysis Diet
Stage 5 CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease)/ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease)
Restrict sodium, phosphorus, and potassium
Increase Protein: 1.2g/kg of protein
Peritoneal Dialysis Diet
Less buildup, less restriction, higher protein requirements
normal potassium intake (may need more pot. rich foods)
1.2-1.3g/kg protein
Hypertension
No Drugs: Weight loss, alcohol restriction, low sodium, (1500mg or less) aerobic exercise
Drugs (diuretics/antihypertensive): prevent hypokalemia
Alcoholism
Prevent folate, B vitamin, and magnesium deficiency
Metabolic Syndrome
Diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation.
5-10% weight loss, lower BMI less than 25, 30 minutes daily exercise
Diverticulitis
Low residue, low fiber, low fat
Diverticulosis
High fiber unless inflammation (diverticulitis) occurs
Liver disease: Cirrhosis
Protein: .8-1g/kg (positive nitrogen balance), more if in negative balance (1.2-1.3g/kg)
Pancreatitis
Liquid oral feedings mainly carbs because it gives the least pancreas stimulation
Diabetes
Establish a meal plan first based on habits, timing, and food preferences
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC)
Sat Fat <7% Total fat <35% Cholesterol <200 mg Sodium <2400mg Increase Soluble Fiber 10-25g
High Cholesterol
Aggressive low fat, and higher fiber
DASH
<27% calories from fat <6% Sat fat 150mg Cholesterol 18% calories from fat 55% calories from carbs
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Sodium under 2000mg to prevent fluid retention, aspiration, swelling
Fluid 500-2000mL/day
Post-transplant
High protein immediately after, but not needed once steroids are weaned
