Basic Nutrition Flashcards
Carb Functions (4kcal/g)
Protein Sparer
Prevents ketosis
Keeps brain and central nervous system functioning on at least 130g
45%-65% AMDR
Soluble Fiber Functions
Dissolves with water
Keeps you fuller longer
Regulates blood sugar
Lowers Cholesterol
Insoluble Fiber
Adds bulk to bolus
Doesn’t dissolve
Eases constipation
Protein Functions (4kcal/g)
Builds and Maintains tissue
Forms Hormones, enzymes and antibodies
Must be complete to be used
Can be used for energy upon glycogen depletion.
Fat Functions (9kcal/g)
Monounsaturated fat: improves lipid and inflammation
Saturated fat: affects blood cholesterol
Polyunsaturated Fat: lowers cholesterol
Cholesterol is needed for cell structure
Omega 3s & 6s’ Function
Omega 6s & 3s are needed:
Lower BP, grow HDL, lower triglycerides, lower inflammation
Vitamin A (Retinoid) Function
Growth, vision, eye health
Vitamin A Sources
Liver, Carrots, Sweet Potatoes, Leafy Greens
Vitamin A Deficiencies
Xerosis, Keratomalacia, Xeropthalmia, Hyperkeratosis
Vitamin A Excesses
GI upset, headaches, liver damage, dry skin, fetal malabsorption, spontaneous abortion
Vitamin D (calcitriol) Functions
Calcium Regulation, bone development, phosphorous regulation, bone health
Vitamin D Sources
Milk, Salmon, Eggs, organs meat, sun (auto)
Vitamin D Deficiencies
Poor bone health, rickets (kids), osteomalacia (adults)
Vitamin D Excesses
increased calcium absorption, hypercalcemia, anorexia, n/v, death
Vitamin E (tocos) Functions
Antioxidant, combats free radicals
Vitamin E Sources
Almonds, Hazelnuts, spinach, sweet potatoes, avocados, sunflower seeds, vegetable oils
Vitamin E Deficiencies
Hemolysis, neuron degeneration
Vitamin E Excesses
Inhibits vitamin K metabolism
Vitamin K (-quinone) Functions
Blood clotting factors, Bone proteins
Vitamin K sources
Greens, microorganism synthesis
Vitamin K Deficiencies
Hemorrhage from poor clotting
Vitamin K Excesses
hemolytic anemia
Vitamin B1 Thiamin Function
energy release from carbs, growth and development, cell function
B1 Thiamin Sources
Pork, whole grains, legumes, liver, green vegetables, nuts
B1 Thiamin Deficiencies
Beriberi (mental confusion, cramps), cardiac enlargement
B1 Thiamin Excesses
Edema, tachycardia, tremors, sores
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Functions
Energy metabolism, forms blood cells and antibodies, and performs cell respiration
B2 Riboflavin Sources
Dairy, green vegetables, meat
B2 Riboflavin Deficiencies
Low energy release, cracked skin, sores, waxy dermatitis
B2 Riboflavin
Bright urine, GI discomfort
Vitamin B3 Niacin Functions
Energy metabolism, enzymatic reactions
B3 Niacin Sources
Fish, animal products, mushrooms, potatoes
B3 Niacin Deficiencies
Pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death), GI upset
B3 Niacin Excesses
GI Upset, heart issues, hot flashes, skin issues, liver damage, peptic ulcers
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Functions
Amino Acid function
B6 Pyridoxin Sources
Banana, navy beans, walnuts, meats
B6 Pyridoxine Deficiencies
Central Nervous System issues, depression
B6 Pyridoxine Excesses
Nerve Damage
Folate/Folic Acid Function
Cell Turnover, DNA development
Folate/Folic Acid Sources
Vegetables, nuts, fruit (citrus), organ meats, grains
Folate/Folic Acid Deficiencies
megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, neural tube defects
Folate/Folic Acid Excesses
GI Issues, can mask B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 Function
Nerve Function, Blood Cell Health
Vitamin B12 Sources
Animal Products
Vitamin B12 Deficiencies
Megaloblastic Anemia, weakness, indigestion, constipation
Calcium Sources
Dairy, Tofu, Soybeans, Rhubarb, Salmon, Leafy green vegetables, Oysters
Potassium Sources
Beans, Potatoes, Yogurt, Orange juice (oranges), Banana, Cantaloupe
Protein Deficiency
Marasmus: underweight kids, skin and bones appearance
Kwashiorkor: edema, enlarged liver