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Dietetic Technician Exam > Basic Nutrition > Flashcards

Basic Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Carb Functions (4kcal/g)

A

Protein Sparer
Prevents ketosis
Keeps brain and central nervous system functioning on at least 130g
45%-65% AMDR

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2
Q

Soluble Fiber Functions

A

Dissolves with water
Keeps you fuller longer
Regulates blood sugar
Lowers Cholesterol

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3
Q

Insoluble Fiber

A

Adds bulk to bolus
Doesn’t dissolve
Eases constipation

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4
Q

Protein Functions (4kcal/g)

A

Builds and Maintains tissue
Forms Hormones, enzymes and antibodies
Must be complete to be used
Can be used for energy upon glycogen depletion.

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5
Q

Fat Functions (9kcal/g)

A

Monounsaturated fat: improves lipid and inflammation
Saturated fat: affects blood cholesterol
Polyunsaturated Fat: lowers cholesterol
Cholesterol is needed for cell structure

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6
Q

Omega 3s & 6s’ Function

A

Omega 6s & 3s are needed:

Lower BP, grow HDL, lower triglycerides, lower inflammation

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7
Q

Vitamin A (Retinoid) Function

A

Growth, vision, eye health

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8
Q

Vitamin A Sources

A

Liver, Carrots, Sweet Potatoes, Leafy Greens

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9
Q

Vitamin A Deficiencies

A

Xerosis, Keratomalacia, Xeropthalmia, Hyperkeratosis

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10
Q

Vitamin A Excesses

A

GI upset, headaches, liver damage, dry skin, fetal malabsorption, spontaneous abortion

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11
Q

Vitamin D (calcitriol) Functions

A

Calcium Regulation, bone development, phosphorous regulation, bone health

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12
Q

Vitamin D Sources

A

Milk, Salmon, Eggs, organs meat, sun (auto)

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13
Q

Vitamin D Deficiencies

A

Poor bone health, rickets (kids), osteomalacia (adults)

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14
Q

Vitamin D Excesses

A

increased calcium absorption, hypercalcemia, anorexia, n/v, death

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15
Q

Vitamin E (tocos) Functions

A

Antioxidant, combats free radicals

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16
Q

Vitamin E Sources

A

Almonds, Hazelnuts, spinach, sweet potatoes, avocados, sunflower seeds, vegetable oils

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17
Q

Vitamin E Deficiencies

A

Hemolysis, neuron degeneration

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18
Q

Vitamin E Excesses

A

Inhibits vitamin K metabolism

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19
Q

Vitamin K (-quinone) Functions

A

Blood clotting factors, Bone proteins

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20
Q

Vitamin K sources

A

Greens, microorganism synthesis

21
Q

Vitamin K Deficiencies

A

Hemorrhage from poor clotting

22
Q

Vitamin K Excesses

A

hemolytic anemia

23
Q

Vitamin B1 Thiamin Function

A

energy release from carbs, growth and development, cell function

24
Q

B1 Thiamin Sources

A

Pork, whole grains, legumes, liver, green vegetables, nuts

25
Q

B1 Thiamin Deficiencies

A

Beriberi (mental confusion, cramps), cardiac enlargement

26
Q

B1 Thiamin Excesses

A

Edema, tachycardia, tremors, sores

27
Q

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Functions

A

Energy metabolism, forms blood cells and antibodies, and performs cell respiration

28
Q

B2 Riboflavin Sources

A

Dairy, green vegetables, meat

29
Q

B2 Riboflavin Deficiencies

A

Low energy release, cracked skin, sores, waxy dermatitis

30
Q

B2 Riboflavin

A

Bright urine, GI discomfort

31
Q

Vitamin B3 Niacin Functions

A

Energy metabolism, enzymatic reactions

32
Q

B3 Niacin Sources

A

Fish, animal products, mushrooms, potatoes

33
Q

B3 Niacin Deficiencies

A

Pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death), GI upset

34
Q

B3 Niacin Excesses

A

GI Upset, heart issues, hot flashes, skin issues, liver damage, peptic ulcers

35
Q

Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Functions

A

Amino Acid function

36
Q

B6 Pyridoxin Sources

A

Banana, navy beans, walnuts, meats

37
Q

B6 Pyridoxine Deficiencies

A

Central Nervous System issues, depression

38
Q

B6 Pyridoxine Excesses

A

Nerve Damage

39
Q

Folate/Folic Acid Function

A

Cell Turnover, DNA development

40
Q

Folate/Folic Acid Sources

A

Vegetables, nuts, fruit (citrus), organ meats, grains

41
Q

Folate/Folic Acid Deficiencies

A

megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, neural tube defects

42
Q

Folate/Folic Acid Excesses

A

GI Issues, can mask B12 deficiency

43
Q

Vitamin B12 Function

A

Nerve Function, Blood Cell Health

44
Q

Vitamin B12 Sources

A

Animal Products

45
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiencies

A

Megaloblastic Anemia, weakness, indigestion, constipation

46
Q

Calcium Sources

A

Dairy, Tofu, Soybeans, Rhubarb, Salmon, Leafy green vegetables, Oysters

47
Q

Potassium Sources

A

Beans, Potatoes, Yogurt, Orange juice (oranges), Banana, Cantaloupe

48
Q

Protein Deficiency

A

Marasmus: underweight kids, skin and bones appearance
Kwashiorkor: edema, enlarged liver

Dietetic Technician Exam (10 decks)

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