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CMBM exam 3 > Medical Mycology > Flashcards

Medical Mycology Flashcards

0
Q

Encapsulated yeast

A

crypotoccus neoformans

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1
Q

saprophytes

A

feed on living and dead organic matter

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2
Q

Yeast

A

cultured at 37oC
unicellular
reproduces asexually by budding -> blastoconida
reproduce sexually -> Basidiospore
may contain a capsule - use india ink to ID
ALL are aerobic
grow at wide range of temps, best is room temp

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3
Q

Filamentous (mold)

A

vegetative growth of filamentous (filaments packed tightly)
aerobic filamentous fungi
reproduction by spores or conidia
also known as Hyphae

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4
Q

Mycelium

A

mass of hyphae

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5
Q

Transmission of Fungi

A

most are opportunistic
many switch to hyphal form as invade host
most are not communicable except dermatophytes
enter via respiratory route, mucous membrane and the skin

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6
Q

sabouraud’s agar

A

contains pentons, good for dermatophytes

pH is 5.6 to inhibit growth of bacteria

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7
Q

Blood agar

A

usually with antibiotics to prevent cross contamination

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8
Q

Microscopy

A

skin scrapings with 10% KOH

Light microscopy

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9
Q

superifical mycoses

A

confined to stratum corneum (dead keratin layer of skin) or distal portions of hair
mostly cosmetic in nature
no cellular response from host
no pathological changes are elicited

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10
Q

Dermatophytes

A

invade keratinized structures
may cause secondary bac. infections and mild inflammation response
Dx- branched hyphae on KOH wet mount, culture ….

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11
Q

Dermatophyte infections caused by

A

Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Trichophyton

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12
Q

sporothrix schenckii

A 
SubQ 
mainly in tropics but seen in US 
found on soil and decaying vegetation 
switches to yeast in human host otherwise Hyphae in soil 
at risk: gardners and landscapers
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13
Q

Rose-gardner’s disease

A

causes sportrichosis
nodules at infection site and along draining lymph nodes
full recovery with tx but takes a while
can be disseminated in IC pts

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14
Q

Candida albicans

A 
subQ 
likes wet, moist regions 
infects nail beds 
Common nosocomial pathogen
Spread by sexual contact
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15
Q

Malassezia Furfur

A

causes Pityriasis versicolor
branched hyphae and spores - spaghetti and meatballs
Lipid dep. yeast -> infects young adults with oily skin = Lipophilic
never penetrates skin, only cosmetic
Sun fungus - see easily on darker skin

16
Q

Furfur treatment

A

Selenium sulfide shampoo

17
Q

White Piedra

A

caused by - Tinea blanca or Trichosporon beigelii
nodules on hair
soft,pale
on hair in groin or axilla

18
Q

Black Piedra

A

caused by Piedra hortae

small dark nodules seen on hair shaft

19
Q

Systemic Mycoses

A

infected pts dont transmit the disease - non communicable
Large inoculum is required
Inhale the spores -> gives rise to yeast (usually lower lobes), see budding
can overcome the Cell mediated immunity

20
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

found ohio-mississippi river valley
Loves nitrogen in soil
found in bat,bird droppings

21
Q

Just visited a chicken coop or went spelunking in the ohio-mississippi river valley area, what could you have just been exposed to?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

22
Q

See single budding yeast inside Macs with KOH and Parker Ink

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum

23
Q

Narrow base budding yeast - thin walled

detect H antigen in Pt

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

24
Q

Primary Histoplasmosis

A

granuloma in lung
“summer flu” in Midwest
affect the spleen, liver and BM and forms granuloma - very rare - IC pts
asymptomatic in 95% cases
may resemble TB pneumonia -> Chronic progressive lung disease

25
Q

Ocular Histoplasmosis

A

Risk of infection from eye surgery
“Histo spots”
loss of central vision
travel from lungs to eyes and lodge in choroid

26
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

East of mississippi, central america
in soil, rotten wood and humid areas
round yeast with double refractive wall

27
Q

Detect Exo-A-Ag

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

28
Q

Blastomycosis

A

“chicago disease”
fever, night sweats, wt loss
Granuloma in lungs and skin which may ulcerate
can affect skin, pelvis, cranial bones and ribs

29
Q

Coccidiodes Immitis

A

most endemic
SW US - San Joaquin valley fever
Likes sand
most virulent of systemic mycoses

30
Q

Sperules

A

c. immitis
contains lots of endospore
most infectious than Histo or Blasto

31
Q

Fungal Meningitis in IC pts

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

32
Q

Dx of Crytococcus Neoformans

A

CSF culture
look for cryptococcal antigens
old method - India Ink stain to detect the capsule

33
Q

Budding yeast with capsule

A

Cryptococcus

34
Q

Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus Neoformans

A

Inhalation - colonizes lungs - Lung injury
loves Brain tissue and meninges
cryptococomas -> meningioencephalitis

35
Q

Cryptococomas

A

Granuloma in CNS
Fever, loss of vision, stiff neck, sometimes vomitting
change in mental status

CMBM exam 3 (24 decks)

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