Antibiotic therapy cases Flashcards
Strep throat is caused by;
Group A strep
Bacterial pharyngitis is caused by;
Group A strep
What type of B-lactam is amoxicillin?
Aminopenicillin
What addition to the B-lactam ring in aminopenicillins makes them able to enter porins?
R side chain
What are ampicillin and amoxicillin effective against?
Gram-negatives (especially rods)
What is the spectrum of a activity for aminopenicillins?
E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella enterica, borrelia burgdorferi, and most strep species (GAS, GBS, viridans group)
What are the beta-lacatmase inhibitors?
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
What bacteria have B-lactamases?
Staph aureus H. Influenzae N. gonorrhoeae Enterbacteriaceae Some anaerobes
What are the anti-stap penicillins?
Nafcillin
Ocacillin
Dicloxacillin
What are the anti-staph pencillins active against?
MSSA (methicillin sensitive staph aureus
MSSE (methicillin sensitive staph epidermidis)
What are the anti-staph pencillins not active against?
MRSA and MRSE
How do anti-staph penicillins avoid B-lactamases?
Large R side group that makes them resistant to the enzyme
What bacteria generally causes bacterial cystitis?
E. coli
what is the most common cause of pharyngitis?
GAS
what is the most common bacterial cause of cystitis?
E. Coli
what antibiotic is normally used for gram negative bacteria but can be given with penicillin for synergy in the treatment of subacute endocarditis?
Gentamycin
What antibiotic regimen is recommended for empiric treatment of community acquired pneumonia?
ceftriaxone plus azithromycin
what anaerobe is most likely involved in sepsis following a ruptured appendix?
Bacteriodes
What is recommended for N. Gonorrheae?
Ceftriaxone
MRSA is resistant to beta lactam antibiotics through which mechanism?
mutation of the transpeptidase
What antibiotic would be least likely to be used to treat a Pseudomonas infection?
Cefazolin
What can treat a Pseudomonas infection?
Extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
Cephalosporins 3rd and 4th gen (ceftazidime, cefepime)
Carbapenems (Imipenem, meropenem)
Aztreonam
Quinolones (cipro, levofloxacin)
Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin)
Combination therapy
How would an infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis be treated?
4 drug cocktail: RIPE Isoniazid Rifampin Ethambutol Pyrasinaminde
What are some antibiotics used for a group A step infection?
Amoxicilin
Aerobic gram neg
Gentamycin
Can Mtb be isoniazid resistant?
yes
