Dietary Protein Flashcards
Hydrolysis reaction
breaks up proteins into AA
Condensation reaction
links AA together
Whats a high quality protein?
milk yogurt cheese meat eggs soybeans
Plant sources of proteins
as protein sources do not provide all of the essential AA but in combination do
Essential AAs?
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine M Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine
Protein provides __ calories/gram
4
Foods rich in animal protein tend to be high in …
saturated fats
starvation always causes ….
wasting of lean body tissue in addition to fat loss
Major proteolytic enzyme in the stomach?
Pepsin
zymogen produced by gastric cells ….
pepsinogen
HCl from parietal cells induces change in pepsinogen to produce active pepsin
first step in deamination
removal of N containing amino group
produces Ammonia and usually a keto acid
Ammonia is toxic, what does the liver do?
combines Ammonia with carbon dioxide to produce urea and water
High blood ammonia indicates
liver disease
High blood urea indicates
kidney disease
Marasmus
chronic protein energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
acute malnutrition due to lack of dietary protein
causes: famine, food “faddism”, perceived intolerances (diary and gluten),
Symptoms of Kwashiorkor
decreased muscle diarrhea Edema fatigue large belly that sticks out increased and more severe infections rash and sores that dont heal
BUN
urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down
normal is 6-20 mg/dL
lower than normal seen in low protein/malnutrition
Creatinine clearance test
compares level in urine and blood
this is a break down product of creatine which is impt part of muscles
Muscles protein always breaks down in cases of starvation-induced malnutrition
What are normal creatinine values?
Male: 97 to 137 ml/min
Female: 88 to 128 ml/min
Tyrosine is necessary for…
melanin production
What is the mechanism behind PKU?
Inability to break down phenylalanine due to due to lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)
What is the treatment for PKU?
Low pheylalannine diet
What is the mechanism for Maple syrup urine disease?
Inability to break down the branched chain amino acids
