Medical Emergencies Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

prevention (medical emergency) is based on a client’s comprehensive _____ ____ and _____ ____

health history and risk assessment

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4 main risks assocaited with oral healthcare

hemostasis
susceptibility to infection
drug recreations
ability to tolerate the stress of the apppintment and procedure planned

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how many ASA classificiations are there?

* emergency operation of any variety, with E preceding the number to indicate the patent’s physical status

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ASA 1

normal, healthy; no systemic disease

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ASA 2

mild systemic disease

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ASA 3

severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating

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ASA 4

incapactiating systemic disease that is a constant threaet to life (mostly carried out within a hospital or speciality setting)

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ASA 5

a moribund patient not expected to survive without an operation

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ASA 6

declared brain dead and having organs removed as donor.

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what ASA level indicates a normal, healthy or anxious patient?

ASA 1

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What ASA levels indicate that the client is a medical risk ?

ASA 2
ASA 3
ASA 4

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what is basic life support? (BLS or CAB)

the level of care or intrvention used for victims of life-threatening illnesses or inuries until they can be given full medical care at a healthcare facility offering such services

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____ is an emergency procedure, performed to manually preserve brain function until further actions are taken to restore spontaneious blood circulation and breathing in a person who is not breathing, circulation and breathing in a person who is not breathing, not breathing normally, and has no pulse

cardiopulmonary resucitation (CPR)

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Information to give to the emergency medical services dispatcher

your name
location of the emergency
number the call was made from
what happened
condition of the victim
aid being given to the victim
any other information requested

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unnecessary cardiopulmonary resucitation is ess harmful than not performing chest compression when the victim truly needs it (T/F)

TRUE

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if the rescuer is unsure whether the victim has a pulse, chest compression should be started (T/F)

TRUE

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ADULT/CHILD/INFANT?

hand position: two hands on top of one another (parallel without the fingers touching the chest) with the heel of the bottom hand on the lower half of the breast bone
compress: about 2 inches
breathe: until chest clearly rises (aout 1 second per breath)
cycle (one rescuer): 30 compressions, two breaths
cycle (two rescuers): 30 compressions, two breaths
rate: at least 100 compressions per minute

ADULT

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ADULT/CHILD/INFANT?

hand position: two hands on top of one another (parallel without the fingers touching the chest) with the heel of the bottom hand on the lower half of the breast bone
compress: at least 1.3 the depth of the chest, about 2 inches
breathe: until chest clearly rises (aout 1 second per breath)
cycle (one rescuer): 30 compressions, two breaths
cycle (two rescuers): 15 compressions, two breaths
rate: at least 100 compressions per minute

CHILD

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ADULT/CHILD/INFANT?

hand position: 2 thumb encircling hands technique (w/ finers around back of infant and thumbs on chest( in the center of the breast bone
compress: at least 1/3 depth of chest, about 1 1/2 inch
breathe: until chest clearly rises (aout 1 second per breath)
cycle (one rescuer): 30 compressions, two breaths
cycle (two rescuers): 15 compressions, two breaths
rate: at least 100 compressions per minute

INFANT

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what is defibrillation?

an electrical shock to the heart

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what is an AED (automated external defibrillator)?

automated device that checks the heart rhythm in an unconscious person

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name the emergency medical condition

feeling of warmth, flushed skin, nausea, rapid heart rate, perspiration, pallor, sudden/transient loss of consciousness

syncope

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name the emergency medical condition

skin pale and clammy, change in mental status and eventual unconsciousness if untreated, drop in blood pressure, increase in pulse and respiratory rate

shock

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name the emergency medical condition

rapid or excessively deep breathing, light-headedness, dizziness, tingling in extremities, tightness in the chest, rapid heartbeat, lump in throat, panic-stricken appearance

hyperventilation

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name the emergency medical condition coughing, shortness of brearth, wheezing, pallor, anxiety, use of accessory muscles for breathing, cyanosis, increased pulse rate

asthma

name the emergency medical condition transient ischemia of myocardium manifested by crushing, burning or squeezing chest pain, radiating to left should, arms, neck or mandible and lasting 2 to 15 mins; shortness of breath; diaphoresis (sweating)

angina pectoris

name the emergency medical condition mild to sever chest pain; pain in the left arm, jaw, and possibly teeth, not relieved by rest and nitroglycerin; cold, clammy skin; nausea; anxiety; shortness of breath; weakness; perspiration' burning feeling of indigestion

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

name the emergency medical condition ashen, gray, cold, clammy skin; no pulse; no heart sounds; no respirations; unconscious

cardiac arrest

shortness of breath, weakness, cough, swelling of lower extremities, pink frothy sputum and distention of jugular veins

congestive heart failure

name the emergency medical condition supply of o2 to brain cells disrupted by ischemia, infarction, hemhorrage of cerebral blood vessels; sudden weakness of one side, difficulty of speech, temp loss of vision, dizziness, change in mental status, nausea, severe headache, convulsions

stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

name the emergency medical condition confusion, weakness, lethargy, respiratory depression, headache, shock-like symptoms- weak, rapid pulse, low bp- abdominal or leg pain, possible loss of consciousness

adrenal crisis (cortisol deficiency)

arterial blood is red in colour and "spurts" | venous blood is darker in colour and oozes

hemhorrage

name the emergency medical condition if partial coughing, choking, and grasping throat with hands if complete, no coughing or speaking, possibe high pitched noise, grasping throat with hands

foreign body obstruction

name the emergency medical condition aura (change in taste, smell or sight preceding a seizure), loss of consciousness, sudden cry, involuntary tonic-clonic muscle contraction, altered breathing, and/or involuntary defecation or urination

generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

name the emergency medical condition sudden momentary loss of awareness without loss of postural tone, a blank stare, and a duration of several to 90 seconds, muscle twitches

nonconvulsive (petit mal) seizure

name the emergency medical condition modd changes, hunger, headache, perspiration, nausea, confusion, irritation, dizziness and weakness, increased anxiety, possible unconsciousness

hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinism)

name the emergency medical condition polydipsia (excessive thirst); polyuria (excessive urination)' polyphagia (excessive hunger); labored respirations; nausea, dry, flushed skin; low bp, weak & rapid pulse, acetone breath ("fruity smell"), blurred vision, headache, unconsciousness

hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis)

name the emergency medical condition mild pruritus (itching), mild urticaria (hives, skin rash)

localizd skin response

name the emergency medical condition rapid + severe urticaria (hives) and/or pruritus, angiodema, respiratory distress, wheezing, larygneal edema, weak pulse, low bp, may progress to unconsciousness and cardiovascular collapse

anaphylaxis

name the emergency medical condition light-headedness, blurred vision and slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, anxiety, tinnius, bradycardiam tachypnea

reaction to local anesthesia- toxicity from l.a.)

name the emergency medical condition anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, chest pain, dysrthmia, cardiac arrest

reaction to local anesthesia- toxicity from vasopressor or vasoconstrictor

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` place in trendenburg position (ct's head lower than the legs), roll on left side for pregnant women loosen any binding clothes maintain airway admin o2 (10L/min) if unconscious; pass crushed ammonia capsule under nose place cold compress on forehead reassure monitor and record vitals ```

syncope

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` position in trendelenburg activate EMS assess breathing and pulse admin BLS using CAD maintain airway monitor vitals admin o2 (10L/min) ```

shock

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure use quiet, calm voice to calm and reassure ct encourage normal breaths have ct breathe into cupped hands do NOT admin o2 ```

hyperventilation

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. assist ct to postition to facilitate breathing (upright) have ct self medicate with inhaler instruct to inhale and exhale slowly if recovered, proceed with trmt if not recovered, instruct to use inhaler once more and dismiss if necessary, active EMS or initiate BLS

asthma

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. terminate procedure position upright admin o2 (10L/min) advise ct to self medicate with nitroglycerin (0.4mg tablets or spray) every 5 mins to max of 3 doses monitor and record vitals put ct at rest and reassure if pain not relieved, active EMS and treat as myocardial infarction

angina pectoris

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure plaec ct in most comfortable position admin o2 (10L/min) activate EMS if possible, have ct chew 162 to 325mg aspirin calm and reassure ct initiate BLS as needed monitor and record vitals ```

myocardial infarction

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. activate EMS initiate BLS using CAB sequence

cardiac arrest

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure place in upright position admin o2 (10L/min) montior vitals provide BLS active EMS if necessary ```

congestive heart failure

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure active EMS position in semi-supine or on side with head elevated to maintain open airway admin o2 (10L/min) monitor vitals monitor and maintain airway and suction if needed, keep ct quiet and still initiate BLS as needed transport ct to hospital asap ```

stroke or cerebrovascular accident

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure if unresponsive, place in supine activate EMS and BLS admin o2 (10L/min) transport to nearest ER if unresponsive, position in semi-supine monitor and record vitals ```

adrenal crisis (cortisol deficiency)

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. compression over hemhorrage (usually w/ gauze) pack area w/ gauze and have ct bite down until bleeding stops IF TRAINED, apply topical thrombin or have ct rinse w/ tranexamic acid nosebleeds; apply pressure to bleeding site or pack w/ gauze watch for signs of chock activate EMS if bleeding continues

hemorrhage

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. evalute breathing if unable to breathe/cough/talk, begin abdominal thrusts (heimlich) until dislodged if pregnant/obese, use chest compressions until dislodged admin 02 (10L/min) maintain supine position have ct transported to hospital to ensure no injuries from thrusts or compressions activate BLS and EMS if unresponsive

foreign body obstruction

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. terminate procedure lower dental chair and protect ct from personal damage after convulsion, assess and monitor airway admin o2 (10L/min) monitor and record vitals support respiration if unresolved, activate EMS and BLS if stable, allow ct to rest arrange for medical follow-up and arrange assistance

generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure observe closely ensure ct safety clear area of sharp objects provide support may need physician evaluation ```

nonconvulsive (petit mal) seizure

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. terminate procedure place in chair or supine position admin o2 if unconscious, admin oral sugar under tongue and activate BLA and EMS if conscious, ask when ate last and whether insulin was taken give concentrated form of sugar (oj, sugar packet) monitor and record vitals if slow recovery have transported to hospital

hypogylcemia (hyperinsulinism)

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. terminate procedure activate EMS and provide BLS if necessary if conscious, ask when ate last and whether insulin was taken and if brought to appointment retrieve ct's insulin if able, ct should self-admin monitor and record vitals

hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis)

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. call for assistance admin diphenhydramine antihistamine (25mg child, 50mg adult) have ct consult physician for consult regarding repeat dose every 6 hours for 2 days following be prepared to activate BLS if needed

localized skin respon

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. ``` terminate procedure immediately activate EMS admin epinephrine (0.3-0.5mg, repeat every 5 mins up to 10 mins IF QUALIFIED) establish adn maintain airway admin o2 (10L/min) place in supine mintor vitals initiate BLS as needed ```

anaphylaxis

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable. assess circulation, airway, breathing initiate BLS as needed admin o2 (10L/min) activate EMS as needed

reactions to local anesthesia