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Dental Hygiene > Medical Emergencies > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

prevention (medical emergency) is based on a client’s comprehensive _____ ____ and _____ ____

A

health history and risk assessment

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2
Q

4 main risks assocaited with oral healthcare

A
  1. hemostasis
  2. susceptibility to infection
  3. drug recreations
  4. ability to tolerate the stress of the apppintment and procedure planned
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3
Q

how many ASA classificiations are there?

A

6

* emergency operation of any variety, with E preceding the number to indicate the patent’s physical status

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4
Q

ASA 1

A

normal, healthy; no systemic disease

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5
Q

ASA 2

A

mild systemic disease

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6
Q

ASA 3

A

severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating

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7
Q

ASA 4

A

incapactiating systemic disease that is a constant threaet to life (mostly carried out within a hospital or speciality setting)

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8
Q

ASA 5

A

a moribund patient not expected to survive without an operation

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9
Q

ASA 6

A

declared brain dead and having organs removed as donor.

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10
Q

what ASA level indicates a normal, healthy or anxious patient?

A

ASA 1

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11
Q

What ASA levels indicate that the client is a medical risk ?

A

ASA 2
ASA 3
ASA 4

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12
Q

what is basic life support? (BLS or CAB)

A

the level of care or intrvention used for victims of life-threatening illnesses or inuries until they can be given full medical care at a healthcare facility offering such services

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13
Q

____ is an emergency procedure, performed to manually preserve brain function until further actions are taken to restore spontaneious blood circulation and breathing in a person who is not breathing, circulation and breathing in a person who is not breathing, not breathing normally, and has no pulse

A

cardiopulmonary resucitation (CPR)

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14
Q

Information to give to the emergency medical services dispatcher

A 
your name
location of the emergency
number the call was made from
what happened
condition of the victim
aid being given to the victim
any other information requested
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15
Q

unnecessary cardiopulmonary resucitation is ess harmful than not performing chest compression when the victim truly needs it (T/F)

A

TRUE

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16
Q

if the rescuer is unsure whether the victim has a pulse, chest compression should be started (T/F)

A

TRUE

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17
Q

ADULT/CHILD/INFANT?

hand position: two hands on top of one another (parallel without the fingers touching the chest) with the heel of the bottom hand on the lower half of the breast bone
compress: about 2 inches
breathe: until chest clearly rises (aout 1 second per breath)
cycle (one rescuer): 30 compressions, two breaths
cycle (two rescuers): 30 compressions, two breaths
rate: at least 100 compressions per minute

A

ADULT

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18
Q

ADULT/CHILD/INFANT?

hand position: two hands on top of one another (parallel without the fingers touching the chest) with the heel of the bottom hand on the lower half of the breast bone
compress: at least 1.3 the depth of the chest, about 2 inches
breathe: until chest clearly rises (aout 1 second per breath)
cycle (one rescuer): 30 compressions, two breaths
cycle (two rescuers): 15 compressions, two breaths
rate: at least 100 compressions per minute

A

CHILD

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19
Q

ADULT/CHILD/INFANT?

hand position: 2 thumb encircling hands technique (w/ finers around back of infant and thumbs on chest( in the center of the breast bone
compress: at least 1/3 depth of chest, about 1 1/2 inch
breathe: until chest clearly rises (aout 1 second per breath)
cycle (one rescuer): 30 compressions, two breaths
cycle (two rescuers): 15 compressions, two breaths
rate: at least 100 compressions per minute

A

INFANT

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20
Q

what is defibrillation?

A

an electrical shock to the heart

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21
Q

what is an AED (automated external defibrillator)?

A

automated device that checks the heart rhythm in an unconscious person

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22
Q

name the emergency medical condition

feeling of warmth, flushed skin, nausea, rapid heart rate, perspiration, pallor, sudden/transient loss of consciousness

A

syncope

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23
Q

name the emergency medical condition

skin pale and clammy, change in mental status and eventual unconsciousness if untreated, drop in blood pressure, increase in pulse and respiratory rate

A

shock

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24
Q

name the emergency medical condition

rapid or excessively deep breathing, light-headedness, dizziness, tingling in extremities, tightness in the chest, rapid heartbeat, lump in throat, panic-stricken appearance

A

hyperventilation

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25
Q

name the emergency medical condition

coughing, shortness of brearth, wheezing, pallor, anxiety, use of accessory muscles for breathing, cyanosis, increased pulse rate

A

asthma

26
Q

name the emergency medical condition

transient ischemia of myocardium manifested by crushing, burning or squeezing chest pain, radiating to left should, arms, neck or mandible and lasting 2 to 15 mins; shortness of breath; diaphoresis (sweating)

A

angina pectoris

27
Q

name the emergency medical condition

mild to sever chest pain; pain in the left arm, jaw, and possibly teeth, not relieved by rest and nitroglycerin; cold, clammy skin; nausea; anxiety; shortness of breath; weakness; perspiration’ burning feeling of indigestion

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

28
Q

name the emergency medical condition

ashen, gray, cold, clammy skin; no pulse; no heart sounds; no respirations; unconscious

A

cardiac arrest

29
Q

shortness of breath, weakness, cough, swelling of lower extremities, pink frothy sputum and distention of jugular veins

A

congestive heart failure

30
Q

name the emergency medical condition

supply of o2 to brain cells disrupted by ischemia, infarction, hemhorrage of cerebral blood vessels; sudden weakness of one side, difficulty of speech, temp loss of vision, dizziness, change in mental status, nausea, severe headache, convulsions

A

stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

31
Q

name the emergency medical condition

confusion, weakness, lethargy, respiratory depression, headache, shock-like symptoms- weak, rapid pulse, low bp- abdominal or leg pain, possible loss of consciousness

A

adrenal crisis (cortisol deficiency)

32
Q

arterial blood is red in colour and “spurts”

venous blood is darker in colour and oozes

A

hemhorrage

33
Q

name the emergency medical condition

if partial coughing, choking, and grasping throat with hands
if complete, no coughing or speaking, possibe high pitched noise, grasping throat with hands

A

foreign body obstruction

34
Q

name the emergency medical condition

aura (change in taste, smell or sight preceding a seizure), loss of consciousness, sudden cry, involuntary tonic-clonic muscle contraction, altered breathing, and/or involuntary defecation or urination

A

generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

35
Q

name the emergency medical condition

sudden momentary loss of awareness without loss of postural tone, a blank stare, and a duration of several to 90 seconds, muscle twitches

A

nonconvulsive (petit mal) seizure

36
Q

name the emergency medical condition

modd changes, hunger, headache, perspiration, nausea, confusion, irritation, dizziness and weakness, increased anxiety, possible unconsciousness

A

hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinism)

37
Q

name the emergency medical condition

polydipsia (excessive thirst); polyuria (excessive urination)’ polyphagia (excessive hunger); labored respirations; nausea, dry, flushed skin; low bp, weak & rapid pulse, acetone breath (“fruity smell”), blurred vision, headache, unconsciousness

A

hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis)

38
Q

name the emergency medical condition

mild pruritus (itching), mild urticaria (hives, skin rash)

A

localizd skin response

39
Q

name the emergency medical condition

rapid + severe urticaria (hives) and/or pruritus, angiodema, respiratory distress, wheezing, larygneal edema, weak pulse, low bp, may progress to unconsciousness and cardiovascular collapse

A

anaphylaxis

40
Q

name the emergency medical condition

light-headedness, blurred vision and slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, anxiety, tinnius, bradycardiam tachypnea

A

reaction to local anesthesia- toxicity from l.a.)

41
Q

name the emergency medical condition

anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, chest pain, dysrthmia, cardiac arrest

A

reaction to local anesthesia- toxicity from vasopressor or vasoconstrictor

42
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

place in trendenburg position (ct's head lower than the legs), roll on left side for pregnant women
loosen any binding clothes 
maintain airway
admin o2 (10L/min)
if unconscious; pass crushed ammonia capsule under nose
place cold compress on forehead
reassure 
monitor and record vitals
A

syncope

43
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

position in trendelenburg
activate EMS
assess breathing and pulse
admin BLS using CAD
maintain airway 
monitor vitals 
admin o2 (10L/min)
A

shock

44
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure 
use quiet, calm voice to calm and reassure ct
encourage normal breaths
have ct breathe into cupped hands
do NOT admin o2
A

hyperventilation

45
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

assist ct to postition to facilitate breathing (upright)
have ct self medicate with inhaler
instruct to inhale and exhale slowly
if recovered, proceed with trmt
if not recovered, instruct to use inhaler once more and dismiss
if necessary, active EMS or initiate BLS

A

asthma

46
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
position upright
admin o2 (10L/min)
advise ct to self medicate with nitroglycerin (0.4mg tablets or spray) every 5 mins to max of 3 doses
monitor and record vitals
put ct at rest and reassure
if pain not relieved, active EMS and treat as myocardial infarction

A

angina pectoris

47
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
plaec ct in most comfortable position
admin o2 (10L/min)
activate EMS
if possible, have ct chew 162 to 325mg aspirin
calm and reassure ct
initiate BLS as needed
monitor and record vitals
A

myocardial infarction

48
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

activate EMS
initiate BLS using CAB sequence

A

cardiac arrest

49
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
place in upright position
admin o2 (10L/min)
montior vitals 
provide BLS
active EMS if necessary
A

congestive heart failure

50
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure 
active EMS
position in semi-supine or on side with head elevated to maintain open airway
admin o2 (10L/min)
monitor vitals
monitor and maintain airway and suction
if needed, keep ct quiet and still
initiate BLS as needed
transport ct to hospital asap
A

stroke or cerebrovascular accident

51
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure 
if unresponsive, place in supine
activate EMS and BLS 
admin o2 (10L/min)
transport to nearest ER
if unresponsive, position in semi-supine
monitor and record vitals
A

adrenal crisis (cortisol deficiency)

52
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

compression over hemhorrage (usually w/ gauze)
pack area w/ gauze and have ct bite down until bleeding stops
IF TRAINED, apply topical thrombin or have ct rinse w/ tranexamic acid
nosebleeds; apply pressure to bleeding site or pack w/ gauze
watch for signs of chock
activate EMS if bleeding continues

A

hemorrhage

53
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

evalute breathing
if unable to breathe/cough/talk, begin abdominal thrusts (heimlich) until dislodged
if pregnant/obese, use chest compressions until dislodged
admin 02 (10L/min)
maintain supine position
have ct transported to hospital to ensure no injuries from thrusts or compressions
activate BLS and EMS if unresponsive

A

foreign body obstruction

54
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
lower dental chair and protect ct from personal damage
after convulsion, assess and monitor airway
admin o2 (10L/min)
monitor and record vitals
support respiration
if unresolved, activate EMS and BLS
if stable, allow ct to rest
arrange for medical follow-up and arrange assistance

A

generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure

55
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure 
observe closely 
ensure ct safety
clear area of sharp objects
provide support
may need physician evaluation
A

nonconvulsive (petit mal) seizure

56
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
place in chair or supine position
admin o2
if unconscious, admin oral sugar under tongue and activate BLA and EMS
if conscious, ask when ate last and whether insulin was taken
give concentrated form of sugar (oj, sugar packet)
monitor and record vitals
if slow recovery have transported to hospital

A

hypogylcemia (hyperinsulinism)

57
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
activate EMS and provide BLS if necessary
if conscious, ask when ate last and whether insulin was taken and if brought to appointment
retrieve ct’s insulin
if able, ct should self-admin
monitor and record vitals

A

hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis)

58
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

call for assistance
admin diphenhydramine antihistamine (25mg child, 50mg adult)
have ct consult physician for consult regarding repeat dose every 6 hours for 2 days following
be prepared to activate BLS if needed

A

localized skin respon

59
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

terminate procedure
immediately activate EMS
admin epinephrine (0.3-0.5mg, repeat every 5 mins up to 10 mins IF QUALIFIED)
establish adn maintain airway
admin o2 (10L/min)
place in supine 
mintor vitals
initiate BLS as needed
A

anaphylaxis

60
Q

name the medical emergency in which the following management techniques would be applicable.

assess circulation, airway, breathing
initiate BLS as needed
admin o2 (10L/min)
activate EMS as needed

A

reactions to local anesthesia

Dental Hygiene (19 decks)

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