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Veterinary Nursing > Medical Disorders > Flashcards

Medical Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Arthritis is inflammation of the joints.

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2
Q

What are the causes of arthritis?

A

Idiopathic (wear and tear)
Infectious diseases causes shifted lameness as it moves through the body
Degenerative
Immune-mediated

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of arthritis?

A

Swelling of joints
Pain in affected joints
Lameness
Exercise intolerance
Crepitus (grating of bones together)
Pyrexia (from immune-mediated)

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4
Q

How is arthritis diagnosed?

A

X-ray
Ultrasound
Radiography
Physical Examination
Arthrocentesis (removal of fluid round the joint)

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5
Q

What is the treatment for arthritis?

A

Hydrotherapy
Metacam
Diet if animal is overweight
Physiotherapy
Laser Therapy
Pain Relief

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6
Q

How does a veterinary nurse take care of an animal that has arthritis?

A

Provide soft bedding
Provide exercise for the animal little and often
Keep the animal out of draught and damp
Provide a diet that takes excess weight off

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7
Q

What is colitis?

A

Colitis is inflammation of the colon.

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of colitis?

A

Watery Diarrhoea
Blood and mucous in faeces
Excessive Straining

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9
Q

What are the causes of colitis?

A

Bacterial Infection
Allergic Reaction
The cause is often unknown.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for colitis?

A

Adjusting Diet
Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics

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11
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.

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12
Q

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

A

The cause of pancreatitis is often unknown but is sometimes linked to a high fat diet.

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of pancreatitis?

A

Vomiting
Lethargy
Abdominal Pain
Inappetence

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14
Q

What is the treatment for pancreatitis?

A

Fluid Therapy
Low Fat Diet
Pain Relief
Sometimes Assisted Feeding

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15
Q

What is chronic kidney disease?

A

A disease that involves a progressive loss of renal function.

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic kidney disease?

A

Polydipsia (excessive drinking)
Polyuria (excessive urinating)
Weight Loss
Anorexia
Dehydration
Ulcers in the Mouth
Poor Coat Condition
High Blood Pressure
Anaemia

17
Q

How is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?

A

Blood Test
Urine Test
Ultrasound

18
Q

What is the treatment for chronic kidney disease?

A

Specialised Food
Fluid Therapy
Drugs

19
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Cystitis is inflammation of bladder that is caused by a urinary tract infection.

20
Q

What is urolithiasis?

A

Urolithiasis is minerals or stones in the urinary tract which is caused by a pH imbalance in the urine.

21
Q

What are the clinical signs for cystitis and urolithiasis?

A

Pain
Dysuria (difficulty passing urine)
Vocalising whilst urinating

22
Q

What is the treatment for cystitis?

A

Antibiotics are given to combat the infection.

23
Q

What is the treatment for urolithiasis?

A

Flushing the blockage under general anaesthetic
Fluid therapy to support the kidneys
Altering the diet to dissolve the stones and prevent them re-forming
Surgical removal

24
Q

What is pyometra?

A

Pyometra is infection or pus in the uterus.

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of pyometra?

A

Lethargy
Pyrexia
Discharge (if the cervix is open)
Vomiting
Polydipsia
Toxic Shock

26
Q

How is pyometra diagnosed?

A

X-ray
Ultrasound

27
Q

What is the treatment for pyometra?

A

Ovariohysterectomy (spay)

28
Q

What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A

Type 1 is a lack of insulin production.

29
Q

What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A

Type 2 is an inadequate response to insulin.

30
Q

What are the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus?

A

Glucose in the urine
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight Loss
High Blood Glucose
Glucosuria

31
Q

What are the causes congestive heart failure?

A

Heart is unable to pump blood sufficiently
Valve diseases
Diseases like cardiomyopathy

32
Q

How is congestive heart failure diagnosed?

A

ECG - Electrocardiogram

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of congestive heart failure?

A

Exercise Intolerance
Heart Murmur
Arrhythmia
Coughing
Breathing Difficulties
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Veterinary Nursing (10 decks)

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