Conditions and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Inflammation of the joints

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2
Q

What are the causes of arthritis?

A

Idiopathic (wear and tear)
Degenerative
Immune-mediated

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of arthritis?

A

Swelling of joints
Pain in affected joints
Lameness
Exercise intolerance
Crepitus (grating of bones together)
Pyrexia (from immune-mediated)

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4
Q

How is arthritis diagnosed?

A

X-ray
Ultrasound
Radiography
Physical Examination
Arthrocentesis (removal of fluid round the joint)

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5
Q

What is the treatment for arthritis?

A

Hydrotherapy
Metacam
Diet if animal is overweight
Physiotherapy
Laser Therapy
Pain Relief

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6
Q

How does a veterinary nurse take care of an animal that has arthritis?

A

Provide soft bedding
Provide exercise for the animal little and often
Keep the animal out of draught and damp
Provide a diet that takes excess weight off

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7
Q

What is colitis?

A

Inflammation of the colon

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of colitis?

A

Watery diarrhoea
Blood and mucous in faeces
Excessive straining

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9
Q

What are the causes of colitis?

A

Bacterial infection
Allergic reaction
Cause is often unknown

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10
Q

What is the treatment for colitis?

A

Adjusting the diet
Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics

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11
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

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12
Q

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

A

Often unknown
Sometimes linked to a high fat diet

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of pancreatitis?

A

Vomiting
Lethargy
Abdominal pain
Inappetence

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14
Q

What is the treatment for pancreatitis?

A

Fluid therapy
Low fat diet
Pain relief
Sometimes assisted feeding

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15
Q

What is chronic kidney disease?

A

A disease that involves a progressive loss of renal function

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic kidney disease?

A

Polydipsia (excessive drinking)
Polyuria (excessive urinating)
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Dehydration
Ulcers in the mouth
Poor coat condition
High blood pressure
Anaemia

17
Q

How is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?

A

Blood and urine tests
Ultrasound

18
Q

What is the treatment for chronic kidney disease?

A

Specialised food
Fluid therapy
Drugs

19
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder

20
Q

What is urolithiasis?

A

Minerals or stones in the urinary tract

21
Q

What are the clinical signs for cystitis and urolithiasis?

A

Pain
Dysuria (difficulty passing urine)
Vocalising whilst urinating

22
Q

What is the treatment for cystitis?

A

Antibiotics to combat the infection

23
Q

What is the treatment for urolithiasis?

A

Flushing the blockage under general anaesthetic
Fluid therapy to support the kidneys
Altering the diet to dissolve the stones and prevent them re-forming
Surgical removal

24
Q

What is pyometra?

A

Infection or pus in the uterus

25
What are the clinical signs of pyometra?
Lethargy Pyrexia Discharge (if the cervix is open) Vomiting Polydipsia Toxic shock
26
How is pyometra diagnosed?
X-ray Ultrasound
27
What is the treatment for pyometra?
Ovariohysterectomy (spay)
28
What is type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A lack of insulin production
29
What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?
An inadequate response to insulin
30
What are the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus?
Polyuria Polydipsia Weight loss High blood glucose Glucosuria - glucose in urine
31
What are the causes of congestive heart failure?
Heart is unable to pump blood sufficiently Valve diseases Diseases like cardiomyopathy
32
How is congestive heart failure diagnosed?
ECG - Electrocardiogram
33
What are the clinical signs of congestive heart failure?
Exercise intolerance Heart murmur Arrhythmia - irregularities in the heartbeat Coughing Breathing difficulties Collapse
34
What is an abscess?
A localised collection pus
35
Where can abscesses be found?
Skin Bone Muscle Organs Brain
36
What are the clinical signs of an abscess?
Pain Swelling Reduced function Pyrexia
37
How are abscesses treated?
Draining of the abscess Antibiotics