Medical and Surgical Management of CVD Flashcards
1
Q
ACE inhibitor
A
- captopril, enalopril, lisinopril
- inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- decreases Na retention and peripheral vasoconstriction in order to decrease BP
2
Q
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
A
- losartan
- blocks binder of angiotensin II at the tissue/smooth muscle level, decreasing blood pressure
3
Q
Nitrates
A
- nitroglycerin
- decrease preload through peripheral vasodilation, reduce myocardial oxygen demand, reduce chest discomfort
- may also dilate coronary arteries, improve coronary blood flow
4
Q
Beta-1 Adrenergic blocking agents
A
- atenolol, metoprolol, propanolol
- reduce myocardial demand by reducing heart rate and contractility
- control arrhythmias, chest pain
- reduce blood pressure
5
Q
Calcium channel blocking agent
A
- Diltiazem, amlodipine
- inhibit flow of calcium channel ions, decrease heart rate, decrease contractility, dilate coronary arteries, reduce BP, control arrhythmias, chest pain
6
Q
Antiarrhythmics
A
- alter conductivity, restore normal hear rhythm, control arrhythmias, improve cardiac output
7
Q
Digitalis
A
- cardiac glycosides
- increase contractility and decreases heart rate; mainstay in the treatment of CHF
8
Q
Aspirin
A
decreases platelet aggregation
- may prevent MI
9
Q
Diuretics
A
- decrease myocardial work (reduce preload and after load)
- control hypertension
10
Q
- Tranquilizers
A
- decrease anxiety, sympathetic effects
11
Q
Hypolipidemic agents
A
- 6 major cholesterol lowering drugs
- reduce serum lipid level when diet and weight reduction are not effective
12
Q
Activity restriction for acute MI
A
- Activity can be increased on the acute MI has stopped (peak in cardiac troponin levels)
- Limit activity to 5 METs or 70% of age predicted HRmax for 4-6 weeks following MI
13
Q
Acute heart failure activity restriction
A
- oxygen demand should not be increased in patients in acute or decompensated heart failure
- once they have been medicated managed and no longer display signs of acute decompensation, their activity can be gradually increased while monitoring hemodynamic response to activity
14
Q
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
A
- under fluoroscopy, surgical dilation of a blood vessel using a small balloon-tipped catheter inflated inside the lumen; relieves obstructed blood flow in acute angina or acute MI; results in improved coronary blood flow, improved L ventricular functional, anginal relief
15
Q
Intravascular stents
A
- an endoprosthesis (pliable wire mesh) implanted during angioplasty to prevent restenosis and occlusion in coronary or peripheral arteries
- may be coated with slow release medication to prevent more plaque build up (drug-eluting stent, DES)
