Cardiac Laboratory Tests and Values Flashcards
What is the primary measure of MI
-Rise and fall of cardiac troponin (I or T) > 99th percentile
PLUS one of the following:
- symptoms of ischemia
- new or presumed new ST changes on ECG
- new loss of viable myocardium and/or new wall motion abnormality on imaging
- evidence of intracoronary thrombus via catheterization or autopsy
What can also be assessed
- elevation of CK (serum creatine kinase) or CPK (creatine phosphokinase) with concomitant elevate elevation of CK-MB (serum creatine kinase MB) can also be assessed, but peaks between 12-24 hours
PaO2
- normal: 90-100 mmHg
- hyper oxygenation: increases
- cardiac decompensation and COPD: decreases
PaCO2
- Normal: 35-45 mmHg
- Increases in COPD, hypoventilation
- Decreases in hyperventilation, pregnancy, PE, and anxiety
pH
- Whole blood: 7.35-7.45
- < 7.35 is acidotic
- > 7.45 is alkalotic
Respiratory alkalosis:
- pH increases
- caused by hyperventilation, sepsis, liver disease, fever
Metabolic alkalosis
- pH increases
- caused by vomitting, potassium depletion, diuretics, volume depletion
Respiratory Acidosis
- pH decrease, high PCO2
- causes: hypoventilation, COPD, respiratory depressants, myasthenia
Metabolic acidosis
- decreased pH
- causes: increased acids (diabetes, alcohol, starvation), renal failure, increased acid intake, loss of alkaline body fluids
Prothrombin time
Normal: 11-15 sec
What causes an increase in prothrombin time
- factor X deficiency, hemorrhagic disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis drugs (warafin)
Partial thromboplastin time
normal: 25-40 sec
What causes an increase in PTT time
factor VIII, IX, and X deficiency
Normal INR
0.9-1.1
INR 2-3
patients with DVT, PE, mechanical valves and AF on anticoagulation therapy
- Plus genetic clotting disorder may have target INR of 3.5
- look for signs of bleeding
