Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards Prep- Cardiovascular > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

Review lead placement

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an ECG

A

12 lead ECG provides information about rate, rhythm, conduction, areas of ischemia and infarct, hypertrophy, electrolyte imbalance, and systemic pathologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

P wave

A

arterial depolarization
Always the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

P-R interval time

A

required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to Purkinje fibers
0.12 - 0.2 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

QRS Wave

A

Ventricle depolarization
0.04 - 0.1 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ST segment

A

beginning of ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

QT interval

A

time for electric systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Counting heart rate by ECG

A

-count intervals between QRS complexes in 6 second strip and multiply by 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Possible etiology of arrthymias

A
  • ischemic conditions of myocardium, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis or alkalosis, hypoxia, hypotension, emotional stress, drugs, alcohol, caffeine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ventricular arrhythmia

A
  • originate from an ectopic focus in the ventricles (outside the normal conduction system)
  • significant in adversely affecting cardiac output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a premature ventricular contraction

A
  • a premature beat arising from the ventricle
  • occurs occasionally in the majority of normal population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does PVC look on ECG

A
  • no P wave
  • A bizarre and wide QRS that is pre-mature followed by a compensatory pause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serious PVCs

A
  • > 6 per minute
  • paired or in sequential runs
  • multifocal
  • very early PVC (R on T phenomena)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A
  • A run of four or more PVC’s occurring sequentially
  • very rapid rate (150-200 bpm)
    -may occur paroxysmally (abrupt onset)
  • usually the result of an ischemic ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does ventricular tachycardia look like on ECG

A
  • wide, bizarre QRS waves, no P wave
  • very compromised cardiac output
17
Q

Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT)

A

a run of four or more consecutive beats in duration, terminating spontaneously in less than 30 seconds

18
Q

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)

A

VT > 30 seconds in duration and/or requiring termination due to hemodynamic compromise in less than 30 seconds

19
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A
  • a pulseless, emergency situation requiring emergency medial treatment (CPR, defibrillation), and medication
  • characterized by chaotic activity of ventricle originating from multiple foci
  • unable to determine rate
20
Q

how does V-Fib look on ECG

A

Bizarre, erratic cardiac output without QRS complexes
- no effective cardiac output
- clinical death within 4-6 mins

21
Q

Atrial Arrhythmia (supraventricular)

A
  • rapid and repetitive firing of one or more ectopic foci in the atria (outside the sinus note)
  • cardiac output usually maintained if rate is controlled; may precipitate ventricular failure in an abnormal heart
22
Q

how does atrial arrhythmia look on ECG

A
  • P waves are abnormal (variable in shape) or not identifiable (a-fib)
  • rhythm may be irregular: chronic or occurring paroxysmally
  • Rate: rapid w/ arterial tachycardia (140-250 bpm), atrial flutter (250-350 bpm), fibrillation (>300 bpm)
23
Q

AV Blocks

A

abnormal delays or failure to conduct through normal conducting system
- First, second, or third (complete) degree blocks; bundle branch blocks
- if ventricular rate is slowed, CO is decreased

24
Q

Third degree heart block

A
  • complete heart block
  • life threatening
  • requires medication (atropine), surgical implantation of pacemaker
25
Q

Hyperkalemia on ECG

A

widens QRS, flattens P wave, T wave becomes peaked

26
Q

Hypokalemia on ECG

A

flattens T wave (or inverts), produces a U wave

27
Q

Hypercalcemia on ECG

A

widens QRS, shortens QT interval

28
Q

Hypocalcemia on ECG

A

prolongs QT interval

29
Q

Hypothermia on ECG

A
  • elevates ST segment
  • slows rhythm
30
Q

Digitalis

A

Depresses ST segment
- flattens T wave (or inverts)
- QT shortens

31
Q

Quinidine

A
  • QT lengthens
  • T wave flattens (or inverts)
  • QRS lengthens
32
Q

Beta blockers

A
  • decreases heart rate
  • blunt heart rate response to exercise
33
Q

Nitrates

A

increases heart rate

34
Q

anti arrhythmic agents

A

may prolong QRS and QT intervals

35
Q

Holter monitoring

A
  • continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring via recording of cardiac rhythm for up to 24 hours
  • used to evaluate cardiac rhythm, transient symptoms, pacemaker function, effect of meds
  • allows correlation of symptoms with activity
36
Q
A

Boards Prep- Cardiovascular (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions