Medical - Adaptive Flashcards
Adaptive Immunity
- Specific
- Second Line of Defence
- Protects from re-exposure (Memory)
- Slow Reaction
Cellular Components
Does not involve macromolecules but driven by cells (T cells)
Humoral Components
Driven by macromolecules (Antibodies)
Antigens
Molecules that can induce a specific immune response by recognising a part of a specific microorganism.
1. Proteins
2. Polysaccharide
3. Glycolipids
4. Nucleoproteins
3 Main molecules involved in recognition of foreign antigens by adaptive immune system?
- T cell Receptor (TCR)
- B cell Receptor (immunoglobulin, Ig)
- Major histocompatibility (MHC proteins)
Fab region
Binds to antigen (variable region)
Fc Region
Binds to various cellular receptors and complement proteins (constant region)
Two chains?
Heavy & Light
Hinge Region
Gives flexability
IgG antibody
Accounts for 80% of all antibodies. Responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria and bacterial toxins.
(standard Y shape)
IgE antibody
Attaches as an individual molecule to the exposed surfaces of basophils and mast cells.
(Y-shaped with two nodules at the bottom of the light chain)
IgD antibody
is an individual molecule on the surfaces of B cells, where it can bind antigens in the extracellular fluid. Can play a role in the sensitization of the B cell involved.
(Y-shaped, with 2 grooves on either side of the light chain)
IgM antibody
The first class of antibodies after an antigen is encountered. IgM declines as IgG production accelerates. anti-A and anti-B antibodies responsible for the agglutination of incompatible blood types are IgM antibodies.
(biggest Pentagon shaped)
IgA antibody
Found primarily in glandular secretions such as mucus, tears, saliva, and semen. These antibodies attack pathogens before they gain access to internal tissues.
(Contain a fab region at the end of both sides)
