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Introduction to Micro > Bacillus anthracis > Flashcards

Bacillus anthracis Flashcards

1
Q

Environment

A
  1. Soil
  2. Domestic/Wild Animals
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2
Q

Morphology

A
  1. Gram +
  2. Rod Shape (Bacillus)
  3. Poly D glutamic acid capsule
  4. Forms single spore
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3
Q

Metabolic Properties

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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4
Q

Principle Forms

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Inhalation (progress to meningitis/septicaemia)
  3. Ingestion
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5
Q

Virulence Plasmids

A
  1. pOX1
  2. pOX2
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6
Q

pOX1

A

Encodes Lethal Factor (LF) & Oedema Factor (EF).
Containing a Protective Antigen (PA) (with AtxA global virulence regulator)

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7
Q

pOX2

A

Encodes capsule operon (capBCADE)

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8
Q

Diagnosis

A
  1. Sample suspected infected skin
  2. Confirm by lab testing
  3. Stain polychrome with methylene blue
  4. White cream colonies on nutrient agar/blood agar
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9
Q

PCR Sequencing Testing Targets

A
  • Lethal Factor
  • Protective Antigen
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10
Q

Treatments

A

Antibiotics
1. Doxycycline
2. Ciprofloxacin
3. Penicillian

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11
Q

Less Effective Treatment

A

Poor sensitivity to extended-spectrum cephalosporin trimethoprim-potentiated sulphonamides

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12
Q

Protective Antigen

A

The PA complexes on the host membrane which allow LF & EF to bind, following endocytosis by the cell PA act as a channel to deliver LF & EF to the cytosol of the cell.

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13
Q

Lethal Factor

A

Is a Zinc metalloproteinase which acts to suppress immune functions including phagocytosis.

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14
Q

Oedema Factor

A

Is an adenylyl cyclase which again suppresses immune cell functions. The toxins can also work together to have systemic effects.

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15
Q

Capsule Operon

A

The capsule inhibits phagocytosis, can also interfere with the action of antimicrobials and acts to shield the bacterial cell surface antigens.

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16
Q

Septicemia

A

Blood poisoning is due to a large number of bacteria entering the bloodstream which should be sterile.

17
Q

Zoonotic

A

A pathogenetic disease that has passed from non-human to humans

18
Q

Quiescence

A

A state of reversible dormancy or latency

19
Q

Heamorrhagic plural/peritoneal effusions

A

Accumulation of bloody fluid in the pleural cavity (lungs)/ Swelling or ascites in the abdomen caused by a build-up of fluid.

20
Q

Poly/mono-clonal antitoxin (anti-PA) antibodies

A

Polyclonal produced by multiple immune cells bind to many epitopes/ mono clonal produced by identical immune cells bind to specific epitopes.

21
Q

Phagosome

A

Vesicles formed around antigens during phagocytosis.

Introduction to Micro (9 decks)

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