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Introduction to Micro > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Define Fungus

A

Eukaryotic organisms that are spore-bearing
have absorptive nutrition
lack chlorophyll
reproduces sexually/asexually

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2
Q

Define Mycology

A

Discipline devoted to fungi

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3
Q

Define Mycoses

A

Diseases caused by fungi in animals and humans

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4
Q

Primarily found

A

Moist dark environments

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5
Q

Cell Wall Structure

A

Mannoproteins
B-glucan
Chitin
Cell membrane

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6
Q

Structure/Morphology

A

Yeasts - Microscopic(Single)
Mould - Macroscopic(Multi)
Vegetative Body - Thallus

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7
Q

Fungal Growth

A

Hyphae
Aseptate
Septate

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8
Q

Hyphae

A

Grows by hyphal extension only at extreme tips (apical growth)
Hyphae also forms branches this forms a mycelium (mycelial mat)
spreads radically
Thread like structures

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9
Q

Aseptate

A

aka coenocytic
many nuclei per cell

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10
Q

Septate

A

Cross walls called septa/septum
has either single/multiple pores

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11
Q

Zones of hyphal growth

A
  1. Apical growth
  2. Absorption Zone
  3. Storage Zone
  4. Senescence Zone
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12
Q

Apical Zone

A

tip of hypha where growth primarily occurs. Involves extension of the hypha at extreme tip.

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13
Q

Absorption Zone

A

Absorption of nutrients, as hyphae extend and come in contact with substrate - region specialised for uptake of essential nutrients.

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14
Q

Storage Zone

A

Stores excess nutrients that are not immediately needed.

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15
Q

Senescene Zone

A

Region of aging and degeneration

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16
Q

Nutrition/growth

A
  • Grows best in dark, moist environments
  • Most are saprophytes
  • Release hydrolytic enzymes that digest external substrates
  • Absorption of soluble products (OSMOTROPHY)
    -Usually aerobic
  • some Facultative anaerobes (energy from fermentation)
17
Q

Chemoorganheterotrophs

A

Use organic compounds as their source of carbon, electrons and energy.

18
Q

Saprotrophy

A

fungi utilise dead plant, animal, or microbial remains for it nutrients.

19
Q

Paraitism

A

Fungi utilise the living tissue of plants and animals to the detriment of the host.

20
Q

Symbiosis

A

Fungi live with the living tissue to benefit the host.

21
Q

Carbon is found in the form of what structural materials

A
  • Cellulose
  • Lignin
  • Chitin
  • Keratin
22
Q

What enzymes are used to degrade cellulose

A

Endoglucanases
Celobiohydrolases

23
Q

Other forms of nutrition

A
  • Nitrogen (Amino acids + Ammonium)
  • Phosphorus (from the ability to break down organic compounds from dead organisms)
  • Sulphur (inorganic or low molecular weight from organic molecules such as AA methionine)
24
Q

Micro-elements

A
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Manganese
  • Zinc
  • Molybdenum
    -High-affinity specific transporters
    -Produce ligands which bind to micro elements
25
Q

Reproduction

A
  • Asexually
  • Sexually
  • Both
26
Q

Asexually

A
  1. The parent undergoes mitosis (dividing into 2 daughter cells
  2. Budding (produces a daughter cell (common in yeast)
  3. Spore Formation (Most common)
27
Q

Types of Spore Formation

A
  1. Arthrospores
  2. Chlamydospores
  3. Sporangiospores
  4. Condiospore
  5. Blastospores
28
Q

Arthrospores

A

Hyphae fragment to form cells that behave like spores.

29
Q

Chlamydospores

A

Cells are surrounded by thick cell wall before separation.

30
Q

Sporangiospores

A

Spores develop within a sac.

31
Q

Condiospore

A

The spores are not enclosed within a sac: but produced at the tips.

32
Q

Blastospores

A

Produced from a vegetative mother cell by budding.

33
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A
  • Involves the fusion of two nuclei meiosis
  • Produces new progeny with a combination of genes from different parent nuclei.
  • Sexual spores are more resistant to desiccation.
34
Q

Benefits

A
  1. Degradation of organic material
  2. Fermented food and drinks
  3. Food ingredients & additives
  4. Antibiotic Production
    5.Biofuel
  5. Bioremediation
    7.Symbiosis
35
Q

Detrimental effects

A
  1. Biodeterioration
  2. Food spoilage
  3. Plant Disease
  4. Human & Animal disease
  5. Fungal Toxicosis
36
Q

4 Fungal Diseases in Humans

A
  1. Allergic Reaction (Inhaling Spores)
  2. React to fungal toxin (hallucinogenic properties, Some species produce aflatoxin implicated in cancer).
  3. Mycoses (fungi grow on or in the body)
  4. Economic Impact ( Destroy human food supple causing starvation).

Introduction to Micro (9 decks)

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