Mediastinum

Question 1

Mediastinum is

Answer 1

a partition between the right & left pleural sacs

Question 2

Mediastinum includes

Answer 2

all the structures which lie in the intermediate compartments of the
thoracic cavity.قراءة

Question 3

Mediastinum lateral boundaries

Answer 3

Mediastinal parietal pleura (left and right)

Question 4

Mediastinum extends from the
from anterior to posterior
from superior to inferior

Answer 4

■ Sternum to the bodies of the vertebrae (T1-T12).

■ Superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm

Question 5

.Divisions of mediastinum

Answer 5

Superior mediastinum above the plane

Inferior mediastinum below the plane

Question 6

mediastinum is divided by

Answer 6

horizontal plane

Question 7

horizontal plane that divides mediastinum extending from

Answer 7

sternal angle to the intervertebral disc between vertebrae TIV and TV

Question 8

Inferior mediastinum is further partitioned into

Answer 8

Anterior , middle and Posterior mediastinum

Question 9

Anterior mediastinum location

Answer 9

in front of pericardial sac & behind sternum.

Question 10

Middle mediastinum contains

Answer 10

pericardial sac & its contents (pericardium, heart, origin of great vessels, nerves, & small vessels )

Question 11

Posterior mediastinum location

Answer 11

behind pericardial sac & anterior to vertebrae

Question 12

Superior Mediastinum Anteriorly

Answer 12

Manubrium sterni

Question 13

Superior Mediastinum Posteriorly

Answer 13

Upper 4 thoracic vertebrae

Question 14

Superior Mediastinum Superiorly

Answer 14

Superior thoracic opening

Question 15

Superior Mediastinum Inferiorly

Answer 15

Horizontal plane

Question 16

Superior Mediastinum Laterally

Answer 16

Mediastinal pleura

Question 17

Superior Mediastinum Contents From Posterior to Anterior

Answer 17

1. Esophagus
2. Trachea
3. Arch of aorta & its 3 branches:
   - Brachiocephalic trunk
   - Left common carotid
   - Left subclavian artery
4. Right & left brachiocephalic veins & superior vena cava
5. Thymus gland

Question 18

Superior Mediastinum Nerves

Answer 18

1. Right & left vagus nerve
2. Right & left phrenic nerve
3. Right & left sympathetic trunks
4. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 19

Superior Mediastinum Lymphatic structures

Answer 19

oThoracic duct

oLymph nodes

Question 20

Anterior Mediastinum Contents

Answer 20

• Sternopericardial ligaments
• Lymph nodes
• Remains of thymus

Question 21

.Middle Mediastinum Contents

Answer 21

1. Pericardium & heart
2. Root of arteries:
   ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk
3. Veins:
   • Lower half of superior vena cava
   • Terminations of inferior vena cava
   • Pulmonary veins
   v Nerves: phrenic
   v Lymph nodes

Question 22

�Posterior Mediastinum Anteriorly

Answer 22

Pericardium & diaphragm

Question 23

�Posterior Mediastinum Posteriorly

Answer 23

Lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

Question 24

�Posterior Mediastinum Superiorly

Answer 24

Horizontal plane

Question 25

�Posterior Mediastinum Inferiorly

Answer 25

Diaphragm

Question 26

�Posterior Mediastinum On each side

Answer 26

Pleura

Question 27

Posterior Mediastinum Contents

Answer 27

1. Esophagus and associated nerve plexus.
2. Descending aorta.
3. Azygos & hemiazygos veins.
4. Right & left vagus nerve.
5. Right & left sympathetic trunks & their branches (splanchnic nerves).
6. Thoracic duct and associated lymph nodes