histology

Question 1

The walls of arteries and veins are composed of

Answer 1

endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix

Question 2

extracellular matrix including

Answer 2

collagen and elastin

Question 3

layers of walls of arteries and veins

Answer 3

intima, media and adventitia

Question 4

The intima is

Answer 4

the inner layer lining the vessel lumen

Question 5

The adventitia is

Answer 5

the outer layer of the blood vessel.

Question 6

The media is

Answer 6

sandwiched between the intima and adventitia.

sandwiched between the IEL and EEL.

Question 7

the thinnest layer

Answer 7

intima

Question 8

intima is composed of

Answer 8

single layer of endothelial cells and a small

amount of subendothelial connective tissue.

Question 9

The intima is separated from the media by

Answer 9

a dense elastic membrane called the internal elastic lamina (IEL)

Question 10

a dense elastic membrane called

Answer 10

the internal elastic lamina (IEL)

the external elastic lamina (EEL)

Question 11

the internal elastic lamina (IEL) separates

Answer 11

The intima from the media

Question 12

the thickest layer

Answer 12

The media especially in artery.

Question 13

The media function

Answer 13

structural support, vasoreactivity and elasticity

Question 14

The media is composed of

Answer 14

smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres and connective tissue( collagen fibers.)

Question 15

things vary in amount depending on

the type of vessel.

Answer 15

smooth muscle cells, elastic fibres and connective tissue

Question 16

Smooth muscle cells function

Answer 16

contract (vasoconstriction) or relax (vasodilatation) controlling lumen diameter and regional blood flow.

Question 17

Smooth muscle cells is controlled by

Answer 17

1. autonomic nerves (nervi vasorum)

2. local metabolic factors

Question 18

Elastic fibres allow the vessel to

Answer 18

1.expand with systole (dilation) ,when ventricles contracts
2.contract with diastole, after ventricle contraction
and back to the origin shape for propelling blood forward.

Question 19

The media is separated from the adventitia by

Answer 19

dense elastic membrane called the external elastic lamina (EEL)

Question 20

dense elastic membrane called

Answer 20

the external elastic lamina (EEL)

Question 21

the external elastic lamina (EEL) separates

Answer 21

media from the adventitia

Question 22

The adventitia is composed of

Answer 22

connective tissue, nutrient vessels (vasa vasorum) and autonomic nerves
(nervi vasorum)

Question 23

The intima and inner part of the media are nourished by

Answer 23

diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from blood in the lumen

Question 24

the adventitia and outer part of the media are nourished by

Answer 24

vasa vasorum

Question 25

Metabolic factors include

Answer 25

the acidity and alkalinity in the media

Question 26

type of endothelial cells that lining intima

Answer 26

squamous which sitting on basement membrane.

Question 27

epithelial cells line

Answer 27

external surfaces of the vessel “cover it”

Question 28

endothelial cells line

Answer 28

the internal surfaces of the vessel

lumen

Question 29

Cardiac Muscle developed from

Answer 29

mesoderm cells of the primitive heart tube

Question 30

Contraction of cardiac muscle is

Answer 30

involuntary, vigorous, and rhythmic.

Question 31

Cardiac muscle cell are

Answer 31

elongated
branched
bound to one another at structures called intercalated discs

Question 32

intercalated discs.

Answer 32

خلايا عضلات اللقلب بربطو مع بعض خلاله

Question 33

Cardiac muscle has

Answer 33

cross-striations

Question 34

Each cardiac cell عدد الانوية

Answer 34

one or two ,centrally ,located, pale-staining nuclei

Question 35

damage cardiac cells are

Answer 35

not renewable, if they died, they will convert into fibrous tissue.

Question 36

The striated appearance comes from

Answer 36

the arrangement of proteins inside the cell; actin and myosin.

Question 37

The intercalated discs represent

Answer 37

the interface between adjacent muscle cells and contain many junctional complexes.

Question 38

intercalated discs are

Answer 38

1. Transverse regions of the step-like discs

2. have many desmosomes and fascia adherentes

Question 39

desmosomes and fascia adherentes functions

Answer 39

bind cardiac muscle cells firmly together to prevent their pulling apart under
constant contractile activity.

Question 40

endomysium

Answer 40

1. delicate sheath surrounding each cardiac muscle cell
2. rich capillary network
3. (a thin layer of areolar connective tissue 4.it contains capillaries and nerves).

Question 41

contractile proteins

Answer 41

actin and myosin

Question 42

Cardiac muscle cells اكتر اشي موجود فيها

Answer 42

mitochondria, which occupy 40% or

more of the cytoplasmic volume (reflecting their need for continuous aerobic metabolism).

Question 43

the major fuel of the heart

Answer 43

Fatty acids
Glycogen granules may also be present
بالبيو كيم اخدنا انو كميته قليلة

Question 44

Fatty acids, transported to cardiac muscle cells by

Answer 44

lipoproteins

Question 45

Fatty acids are stored in cardiac muscle cells

Answer 45

triglycerides (lipid droplets)

Question 46

Lipofuscin are لونهم

Answer 46

fine yellowbrown pigment granules

Question 47

Lipofuscin found

Answer 47

near the nuclei of cardiac muscle cells

Question 48

Lipofuscin composed of

Answer 48

lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion