Medial Zone of Hypothalamus

Question 1

Has what four anatomically distinct zones

Answer 1

Preoptic
Anterior supraoptic nucleus
Middle region
Posterior region

Question 2

anterior ‘telencephalic’ portion that contains preoptic nucleus that houses neurons to regulate Gonadotorpin secreation from adenophypophysis

Answer 2

Preoptic region

Question 3

It also contains the interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH1- 4), one of which is sexually dimorphic (INAH3) and developmentally regulated by testosterone

Answer 3

Preoptic region

Question 4

Four subdivisions of the anterior (supraoptic) region

Answer 4

Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus

Question 5

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (part of the Anterior region) – this compact nucleus is located immediately dorsal to the optic chiasm and receives direct input from

Answer 5

the retina.

It plays a critical role in the control of circadian rhythmicity.

Question 6

Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (Area) – this region lies between the suprachiasmatic and paraventricular nuclei. It is involved in

Answer 6

temperature regulation (containing neurons that sense warmth and initiate responses to dissipate excessive heat)
 It is also concerned with stimulatory drive of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 7

bilateral lesions of anterior hypothalamic nucleus of the anterior region of hypothalamus

Answer 7

result in hyperthermia.

Question 8

temperature regulation (containing neurons that sense warmth and initiate responses to dissipate excessive heat)
 It is also concerned with stimulatory drive of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Anterior hypothalamic nucleus of the Anterior hyothalamus region

Question 9

Paraventricular Nucleus – this complex nucleus contains distinct populations of neurons that

Answer 9

release neuropeptides that regulate a variety of functions.

Question 10

Hormones that the Paraventricular nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus makes:

Answer 10

arginine vasopressin (AVP; water conservation), 
oxytocin (milk let- down and release, also regulation of food intake)
 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; stress responsiveness).

Question 11

Additional populations of neurons in the Paraventricular nucleus project to the ________
Here they will:

Answer 11

intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord (between T1-L2), exciting sympathetic preganglionic neurons, as well as projection to the brainstem.

Question 12

Supraoptic Nucleus of anterior hypothalamus region– contains neurons that

Answer 12

synthesize AVP and oxytocin. Similar to neurons in the paraventricular nucleus that contain AVP and oxytocin, these cells project to the neurohypophysis where they release these hormones into the general circulation.

Question 13

The Middle (tuberal region ) of the Anterior region contains what three sets of neurons

Answer 13

1. Dorsomedial nucleus
2. Ventromedial Nucleus
3. Arcuate Nucleus

Question 14

This nucleus is involved in blood pressure regulation. Also, when stimulated in experimental animals, aggression and savage behavior result.

Answer 14

Dorsomedial Nucleus of the Middle tuberal region

Question 15

Dorsomedial nucleus is key in

Answer 15

BP regulation and when stimulated we see savage behavior and aggression

Question 16

This nucleus inhibits the urge to eat when stimulated. (Bilateral destruction results in hyperphagia).

Answer 16

Ventromedial Nucleus of the Middler tuberal region

Question 17

neurons within this nucleus play an important role in relaying ingestion-related signals to the brainstem.

Answer 17

Ventromedial nucleus in the Middle tuberal region

Question 18

located ventrally in the tuber cinereum, and via projections to the median eminence and portal vasculature, controls the release (or non-release) of various adenohypophyseal hormones.

Answer 18

Arcuate Nucleus of the middle tuberal region

Question 19

Neurons found here produce hypothalamic-releasing (and inhibiting) factors, and play a prominent role in feeding behavior.

Answer 19

Arcuate nucleus of middle tuberal region

Question 20

Fnx of the Arcuate nucleus of the MIddle tuberal region

Answer 20

via projections to the median eminence and portal vasculature, controls the release (or non-release) of various adenohypophyseal hormones.
produce hypothalamic-releasing (and inhibiting) factors, and play a prominent role in feeding behavior.

Question 21

Parts of the Posterior (mammilary) region of the Medial zone of hypothalamus

Answer 21

Posterior nucleus

Mammillary nucleus

Question 22

neurons in this area are involved in thermoregulation (neurons sense cold and initiate heat conservation and heat production responses).

Answer 22

Posterior Nucleus of the Posterior mammilary region of medial zone

Question 23

Bilateral lesions of the Posterior nucleus of the posterior mammillary region result in

Answer 23

an inability to thermoregulate, termed poikilothermia (see below).

Question 24

actually a series of nuclei within the mammillary bodies which are functionally considered part of the limbic system.

Answer 24

Mammillary Nucleus from the Posterior (mammillary) region of medial zone

Question 25

Neurons in the Mammillary nucleus receive a major input from the hippocampus via _____.
The mammillary nuclei project to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus via the .

Answer 25

the fornix

mammillothalamic tract

Question 26

Mammillary nucleus damage:

Answer 26

associated with memory disturbances due to extensive interconnectivity with the hippocampus