Learning and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Brain structure for primitive emotional and survival response~ such as fight or flight and feeding and mating

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HIghest cognitive funcitons.. affords control over emotions

A

Frontal Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Production and appreciation of art

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key for storage of emtional memories

A

Amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brain structure that provides episodic memory

A

Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An overacted hypothalamus (during high stress situations) will inhibit the _______ and let the more primitive responses win out

A

frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Key for judgment, decision making, morality, compassion and responsibility

A

Frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when is the frontal cortex fully developed?

A

Not until age 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The elephant art gallery displayed that elephants have a very large _______

A

Frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

motor control, spatial ability, emotion and memory

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amygdala will receive info from the _____ and send it back

A

frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Necessary for us to remember the details of our lives

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Storage of emotional memories—activated and inhibited by Emtionality

A

HIppocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HIppocampus is located very close to the

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

for explicit, episodic or declaritive memory and highly susceptible to disrupt by stress

A

Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • synaptic plasticity:
A

ability of synapses to change strength in response to expereince and a cellular model of learning and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glutamatergic receptors:

________—basal synaptic transmission

A

AMPA receptors

18
Q

______—blocked by Mg++ and activated when cells are depolarized. Important for synaptic plasticity

A

NMDA receptors

19
Q

NMDA receptors—blocked by Mg++ and activated when _______. Important for synaptic plasticity

A

cells are depolarized

20
Q

Ligand binding causes the AMPARs to open, and _____flows into the postsynaptic cell, resulting in a depolarization

21
Q

NMDARs can open only when a

A

depolarization from the AMPAR activation leads to repulsion of the Mg2+ cation out into the extracellular space, allowing the pore to pass current.

22
Q

NMDARs are permeable to

A

both Na+ and Ca2+

23
Q

The Ca2+ that enters the cell triggers the upregulation of AMPARs to the membrane, which results in a

A

long-lasting increase in EPSP size underlying LTP.

24
Q

The calcium entry though NMDA will _________, which phosphorylates AMPARs, increasing their single-channel conductance.

A

phosphorylates CaMKII

25
LTP has two phases
induction; when you first aquire the memory | maintenence
26
Water maze measures
spatial memory (a hippocampal dependent task)
27
Fear conditioning: | cued fear conditioning involves ______
amygdala- dependent task
28
Fear conditioning: | contexual fear conditioning involves
hippocampus and amygdala
29
We study learning and memory from what 3 levels
Behavior Cellular Molecular
30
Long Term potentiation on a cellular level will
enhance synaptic strength
31
Long term depression (LTD) on a cellular level will
depress synaptic strength
32
once you reach baseline and induce it the same actiation and/or same stimulation will result in higher responses
LTP
33
enZ that phosphorylates targets and important for LTP
CaMKII
34
enZ (phosphatase) that dephosphorylates targets and important for LTD
Calcineurin
35
_______ controls the synapticp plasticity balance thorugh its regulation of CaM availability
Neuroagranin
36
Function of Neuroagranin
controls the synapticp plasticity balance thorugh its regulation of CaM availability
37
high CaM→ CaMKII (more abundant)→ see
LTP
38
Low CaM→ Calcineurin (high affnity)→
LTD
39
As we age we see an increase or decrease in Neuroagranin
Decrease
40
What does the decrease in Ng as we get older result in?
throws off balance of LTP and LTD | --see increase in LTD d/t the decrease of Ng making it easier to potentiate Calceneurin (which favors LTD)
41
Cognition and emotion are localized in
different brain structures
42
Synaptic Plasticity is the best cellular correlate for
Learning and memory