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4 Med Neuro > Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Inputs to Cerebral Cortex

A

Thalamus

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2
Q

Outputs of Cerebral Cortex

A

Thalamus
BG
Br stem
spinal cord

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3
Q

Cerebral Cortex is embryologically derived from the

A

telencephalon

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4
Q

Cerebral Cortex can be subdivided into

A

Archicortex (3 layers), Paleocortex, and Neocortex (6 layers)

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5
Q

Four major lobes and 2 subdivisions of cerebral cortex

A

Frontal lobe, parietal, temporal, occipital

insula and limbic are subdivisions

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6
Q

Limbic lobe includes:

A

cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus

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7
Q

Three poles of cerebral cortex

A

frontal, occipital, temporal

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8
Q

Blood supply to the cortex

A

Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, anterior communicating and posterior communicating arteries and circle of willis

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9
Q

Major venous drainage is via the

A

superior Sagittal sinus, Inferior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, Transverse sinuses, and Sigmoid sinuses, which drain into the Internal jugular veins.

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10
Q

Major venous drainage is via the superior Sagittal sinus, Inferior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, Transverse sinuses, and Sigmoid sinuses, which drain into the

A

Internal jugular veins.

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11
Q

Archicortex is made of the ________ and _______ has 3 layers

A

(hippocampus and dentate gyrus)

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12
Q

Layer I

A

molecular layer

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13
Q

Layer II

A

External granular layer

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14
Q

Layer III

A

External pyramidal layer

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15
Q

Layer IV

A

Internal granular layer

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16
Q

Layer V

A

internal pyramidal layer

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17
Q

Layer VI

A

multiform layer

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18
Q

Myelinated axons run in _______bands and ______ bundles.

A

horizontal

vertical

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19
Q

Major cell types in cortex

A

Major cell types: Pyramidal cells and Non-pyramidal cells.

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20
Q

Functional units of cortex are columns and modules:

each column will….

A

extend through the 6 layers that share simular fnxs

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21
Q

Functional columns form modules in various cortical areas, especially the

A

primary somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices.

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22
Q

Columns of cortical neurons are interconnected ……

A

within the same hemisphere and between the

two hemispheres

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23
Q

Areas 3, 1, 2 (Postcentral gyrus):

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

24
Q

Areas 4 (Precentral gyrus):

A

Primary motor cortex

25
Q

Area 17 (Cuneus and Lingual gyri):

A

Primary visual cortex

26
Q

Areas 41 and 42 (Transverse gyri of Heschl):

A

Primary auditory cortex

27
Q

Areas 44 and 45 (part of the Inferior frontal gyrus):

A

Motor area of speech (Broca’s area); mostly

dominant in the left hemisphere

28
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

somatotopic organization (contralateral)
sensory homunculus
great representation of face and hand
lower limb representation is medial

29
Q

Lesion in the primary somatosensory cortex

A

contralateral loss of somesthetic sensation

30
Q

Primary Motor cortex information

A

somatotopic organization is contralateral
motor homonuculus
greater representation of face and hand
lower limb is represented medially

31
Q

Lesion in the primary mortor cortex

A

contralateral SPASTIC paralysis

32
Q

Primary visual cortex:

A

visuotopic organization
Central visual field; most posterior while peripheral visual field is most anterior
verticle meridian at the border of area 17 and 18
Horizontal meridian will bisect horizontally

33
Q

Central visual field is :

A

most posterior while peripheral visual field is most anterior

34
Q

Horizontal meridian will bisect

A

horizontally

35
Q

Lesion of primary visual cortex

A

see contralateral hemianopia and if restricted to upper or lower banks of the calcarine fissure–> contralateral inferior or superior quadrantanopia

36
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

tonotopic orgnization, biaural respresentation

37
Q

Lesion in the primary auditory cortex

A

bilateral lesions lead to loss of hearing

38
Q

Broca’s area:

A

Broca’s area is motor area of speech and dominant of the left side

39
Q

Lesion on left side of broca

A

motor aphasia, Broca’s aphasia or expressive aphasia

40
Q

Non-dominant (right) side lesion of Broca’s

A

difficulty in expressing emotional aspect of language

41
Q

Prefrontal cortex is made up of

A

Dorsolatearl prefrontal cortex

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

42
Q

Fnx of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

working memory

43
Q

Fnx of ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

limbic

44
Q

Main functional areas of frontal cortex

A 
Primary motor cortex
premotor cortex
supplementary motor area
frontal eye field
Broca's area
prefrontal cortex
45
Q

Association cortical areas of parietal lobe

A

Posterior parieta lobe
superior parietal lobule
Inferior parietal lobule: supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

46
Q

Lesion of left hemisphere in the association cortical areas of the parietal lobe

A

astereognosis, aphasia, alexia and agraphia

47
Q

Association cortical areas of occipital lobe

A

secondary visual cortex
Assocation cortical areas
32 visual areas in primate cortex

48
Q

Lesion in the association cortical area of the occipital lobe

A

variety of visual deficits

49
Q

Association cortical areas of temporal lobe

A

Wernickes area: posterior part of superior temporal gyrus: languange comprehension (dominant on left)

50
Q

Lesion in wernickes area–association cortical areas of temporal lobe

A

sensory aphasia, wernickes aphashia or receptive aphasia

51
Q

Lesion in non-dominant hemisphere–

A

difficulty in comprehending the emotional aspect of language

52
Q

Lesion of supramarginal gyrus

A

astereognosis

53
Q

Lesion of angular gyrus

A

alexia and agraphia

54
Q

Tumor in the cerebral cortex is usually of

A

gial origin

55
Q

Dysnfnx in the cerebral cortex is usually caused by

A

vascular hemorrhage, thrombosis, tumor

56
Q

General fnx of the cerebral cortex

A

Perception of special sensations: somatic, visual, auditory, olfaction
planning and execution of voluntary mvmnts
emotions/behavior
mental fnx
memory

4 Med Neuro (9 decks)

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