Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

Inputs to Cerebral Cortex

Answer 1

Thalamus

Question 2

Outputs of Cerebral Cortex

Answer 2

Thalamus
BG
Br stem
spinal cord

Question 3

Cerebral Cortex is embryologically derived from the

Answer 3

telencephalon

Question 4

Cerebral Cortex can be subdivided into

Answer 4

Archicortex (3 layers), Paleocortex, and Neocortex (6 layers)

Question 5

Four major lobes and 2 subdivisions of cerebral cortex

Answer 5

Frontal lobe, parietal, temporal, occipital

insula and limbic are subdivisions

Question 6

Limbic lobe includes:

Answer 6

cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus

Question 7

Three poles of cerebral cortex

Answer 7

frontal, occipital, temporal

Question 8

Blood supply to the cortex

Answer 8

Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, anterior communicating and posterior communicating arteries and circle of willis

Question 9

Major venous drainage is via the

Answer 9

superior Sagittal sinus, Inferior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, Transverse sinuses, and Sigmoid sinuses, which drain into the Internal jugular veins.

Question 10

Major venous drainage is via the superior Sagittal sinus, Inferior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, Transverse sinuses, and Sigmoid sinuses, which drain into the

Answer 10

Internal jugular veins.

Question 11

Archicortex is made of the ________ and _______ has 3 layers

Answer 11

(hippocampus and dentate gyrus)

Question 12

Layer I

Answer 12

molecular layer

Question 13

Layer II

Answer 13

External granular layer

Question 14

Layer III

Answer 14

External pyramidal layer

Question 15

Layer IV

Answer 15

Internal granular layer

Question 16

Layer V

Answer 16

internal pyramidal layer

Question 17

Layer VI

Answer 17

multiform layer

Question 18

Myelinated axons run in _______bands and ______ bundles.

Answer 18

horizontal

vertical

Question 19

Major cell types in cortex

Answer 19

Major cell types: Pyramidal cells and Non-pyramidal cells.

Question 20

Functional units of cortex are columns and modules:

each column will….

Answer 20

extend through the 6 layers that share simular fnxs

Question 21

Functional columns form modules in various cortical areas, especially the

Answer 21

primary somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices.

Question 22

Columns of cortical neurons are interconnected ……

Answer 22

within the same hemisphere and between the

two hemispheres

Question 23

Areas 3, 1, 2 (Postcentral gyrus):

Answer 23

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 24

Areas 4 (Precentral gyrus):

Answer 24

Primary motor cortex

Question 25

Area 17 (Cuneus and Lingual gyri):

Answer 25

Primary visual cortex

Question 26

Areas 41 and 42 (Transverse gyri of Heschl):

Answer 26

Primary auditory cortex

Question 27

Areas 44 and 45 (part of the Inferior frontal gyrus):

Answer 27

Motor area of speech (Broca’s area); mostly | dominant in the left hemisphere

Question 28

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 28

somatotopic organization (contralateral) sensory homunculus great representation of face and hand lower limb representation is medial

Question 29

Lesion in the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 29

contralateral loss of somesthetic sensation

Question 30

Primary Motor cortex information

Answer 30

somatotopic organization is contralateral motor homonuculus greater representation of face and hand lower limb is represented medially

Question 31

Lesion in the primary mortor cortex

Answer 31

contralateral SPASTIC paralysis

Question 32

Primary visual cortex:

Answer 32

visuotopic organization Central visual field; most posterior while peripheral visual field is most anterior verticle meridian at the border of area 17 and 18 Horizontal meridian will bisect horizontally

Question 33

Central visual field is :

Answer 33

most posterior while peripheral visual field is most anterior

Question 34

Horizontal meridian will bisect

Answer 34

horizontally

Question 35

Lesion of primary visual cortex

Answer 35

see contralateral hemianopia and if restricted to upper or lower banks of the calcarine fissure--> contralateral inferior or superior quadrantanopia

Question 36

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 36

tonotopic orgnization, biaural respresentation

Question 37

Lesion in the primary auditory cortex

Answer 37

bilateral lesions lead to loss of hearing

Question 38

Broca's area:

Answer 38

Broca's area is motor area of speech and dominant of the left side

Question 39

Lesion on left side of broca

Answer 39

motor aphasia, Broca's aphasia or expressive aphasia

Question 40

Non-dominant (right) side lesion of Broca's

Answer 40

difficulty in expressing emotional aspect of language

Question 41

Prefrontal cortex is made up of

Answer 41

Dorsolatearl prefrontal cortex | ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 42

Fnx of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 42

working memory

Question 43

Fnx of ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 43

limbic

Question 44

Main functional areas of frontal cortex

Answer 44

``` Primary motor cortex premotor cortex supplementary motor area frontal eye field Broca's area prefrontal cortex ```

Question 45

Association cortical areas of parietal lobe

Answer 45

Posterior parieta lobe superior parietal lobule Inferior parietal lobule: supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

Question 46

Lesion of left hemisphere in the association cortical areas of the parietal lobe

Answer 46

astereognosis, aphasia, alexia and agraphia

Question 47

Association cortical areas of occipital lobe

Answer 47

secondary visual cortex Assocation cortical areas 32 visual areas in primate cortex

Question 48

Lesion in the association cortical area of the occipital lobe

Answer 48

variety of visual deficits

Question 49

Association cortical areas of temporal lobe

Answer 49

Wernickes area: posterior part of superior temporal gyrus: languange comprehension (dominant on left)

Question 50

Lesion in wernickes area--association cortical areas of temporal lobe

Answer 50

sensory aphasia, wernickes aphashia or receptive aphasia

Question 51

Lesion in non-dominant hemisphere--

Answer 51

difficulty in comprehending the emotional aspect of language

Question 52

Lesion of supramarginal gyrus

Answer 52

astereognosis

Question 53

Lesion of angular gyrus

Answer 53

alexia and agraphia

Question 54

Tumor in the cerebral cortex is usually of

Answer 54

gial origin

Question 55

Dysnfnx in the cerebral cortex is usually caused by

Answer 55

vascular hemorrhage, thrombosis, tumor

Question 56

General fnx of the cerebral cortex

Answer 56

Perception of special sensations: somatic, visual, auditory, olfaction planning and execution of voluntary mvmnts emotions/behavior mental fnx memory