Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4 Med Neuro > Limbic system > Flashcards

Limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the original path of Papez

A

Cingulate–> Hippocampus–> to fornix–> to mammillary bodies –> thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures were added to Papez path

A

parts of hypothal, spetal area, orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and most importantly: AMYGDALA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What justifies the concept of the limbic system

A

common physiological and neurochemical properties
Intricate anatomic connections
Common behavioral associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common Physiological and neurochemical properties of Limbic system

A

Herpes virus has affinity for these areas, seizure foci

neurochemical: lots of cholinergics and high density of optiate R’s key for memory/ perception of pain/ pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What provides cholinergic input for the brain in the limbic system

A

Septal nuclei and nucleus basalis of meynert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This system is critical for positive reinforcement of brain mechanisms (drugs and pleasure)

A

Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What connects the hippocampus and mammilary and septal nuclei

A

fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What connects the mammillary bodies to the ant. thalamus

A

mammilothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What connects the Entroinal cortex to the Dentate (hippocampus)

A

Perforant path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 4 structures make up the Outer Core corticl structures of the hippocampus

A

Cingulate gyrus, Orbital frontal lobe, subcallosal area, parts of temporal lobe(hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, uncus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The cingulate cortex is part of outer core
rostrally:
caudally:

A

rostrally in charge of emotions and motor

caudally in charge of visual spatial and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of the ORbital frontal lobe of the outer cortical area

A

personality, behavioral control, self awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fnx of teh temporal lobe in the outer cortex

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes up the Inner core of the limbic system

A

Anterio thalamic nucleus, mammillary body, hypothalmic nuclei and septal nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Three sub corticla structures of limbic system

A

Hypothalamus
Amygdala
septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Subcortical area in charge of pleasure, autonomic and endocrine integrations

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurons project to pituitary and release ACTH and TSH→ involve din maternal behavior, BP, feeding, temp regulation, immune response

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Amygdala fnxs in the subcortical zone

A

Preservation of self—behaviors, emotions, social behavior, aggression, defense reponse, sexual behavior, affective significance of visual stimuli, affects of faces, affective regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Preservation of self—behaviors, emotions, social behavior, aggression, defense reponse, sexual behavior, affective significance of visual stimuli, affects of faces, affective regulation

A

Amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Preservation of species—behaviors like sex and emitonality

A

Septum in the subcortical zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Septum responsibilities

A

Preservation of species—behaviors like sex and emitonality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inntricate anatomic connections; most anatomic connections are

A

recipricol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

connects hippocampus w/ septum and mammilary bodies

a. main efferent pathway

A

Fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

connects amygdala with septum/hypothal/ bed nuc/ and nuc acc

A

Stria terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ventral amygdalofungal pathway connects amygdala with

A

connects amygdala with hypothalamus, brainstem and septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Main AFFERENT to the hippocampal formation

A

Perforant path: connects entorhinal cortex with dentate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Medial Forebrain bundle:

A

connects hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala and brainstem nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

connects hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala and brainstem nuclei

A

Medial Forebrain bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Symptoms of Kluver Bucy in monkeys

A

a. Psychic blindness or visual agnosia: lost ability to detect the meaning of object based on visual criteria
b. Oral tendincies—examine all objects by mouth
c. Hypermetamorphosis—nocite and reacy to every visual stimulus: attend to every visual stimulus w/in field and then will compulsively handle the object
d. Tameness—no motor or vocal reactions with fear or anger~ can’t tell if somethings threatening
e. Hypersexuality—indiscriminate sexual advances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bilateral large temporal lobe lesions~ including amygdala, hippocampus, uncus will cause what

A

Kluver Bucy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Human Kluver Bucy

A

increased oral activy
hypersexuality
Hypermetamorphosis
Placidity: flattened affect, lack of aggressive behavior
Visual agnosia: loss of recogniton of simple familiar objects or people
bulimia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Etiology of Kluver Bucy

A

a. Post tramatic encephalopathy
b. herpatic viral encephalitis or anoxia
c. subarrachnoid hemorrhage
d. picks diseaes or alzheimers
e. bilateral temporal infarction
f. focal status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

All Kluver Bucy autopsy show

A

extensive lesions involving bilateral temporal cortex and amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sensory limbic hyperconnection—strengthening of synaptic connection

A

Gerschwind syndrome

35
Q

Symptoms of Gerschwind

A

Increased concern with philosophical, cosmic, or religious issues
Altered sexual behavior—hyposexual
Hypergraphia—extensive writing that’s typically religious or philosophical in nature such as diaries, poems, essays, sermons
Viscosity—tendency towards interpersonal stickiness, hard to break off conversation

36
Q

Most pleasurable regions include:

A

lateral hypothalamus and medial forebrain bundle (connects hypothal and septum)

37
Q

______ and _______ systems are impliated in location of effective self-stimulation

A

Catecholamines and DA

38
Q

Mesolimbic dopamine systems appears to be most important for

A

motivational process.

39
Q

Some addictive drugs produce their potent effects on behavior by enhancing mesolimbic DA activity

  • -Heroin works by
  • –Cocaine works by
A

Heroin works by increases neuronal firing rate of DA cells

—Cocaine works by inhibits reuptake of DA

40
Q

Key regions of brain of pleausre

A

lateral hypothal
medial forebrain bundle
Nucleus accumbens

41
Q

Pain and punishment→ lesions to ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus produces

A

pain, rage or srong aversive rxns and long lasting hyperemotionality

42
Q

What produces RAGE

A

When we stimulate Dorsal Nucleus OR if Ventromedial nucleus is destructed → produces RAGE

43
Q

Modulation and experience of emotional rxns~~ leads to tameness if you lose it.

A

Amygdala

44
Q

In a study of amygdala, depth of electrode recordings show discharge in amygdala most frequently associated with affective phenomena in patients w/ ______

A

epilepsy

*amydala attributes affective significance to visual stimuli

45
Q

Afferent and efferent conx of amygdala are strategically situated to geneate r

A

apid, specific autonomic and endocrine responses to complex social signs

46
Q

Amygdala and social situations

A

Need amygdala for normal social interaction→w/out see decreased social interaction, affiliative behavior, Indiscriminate hypersexuality, devestating effect on maternal behavior

47
Q

Provides emotional response to faces

A

amygdala

48
Q

Function of Septal Regions

A

a. Hypersexuality seen in cats by amygdalar lesions abolished by septal lesions (positive control of sex behavior)
b. Stimulation in animals results in 400% increase of sex drive of rats as measured by crossing electrical grid to a sex incentive

49
Q

Stimulation in animals results in 400% increase of sex drive of rats as measured by crossing electrical grid to a sex incentive

A

Septal region

50
Q

Septal lesions produce

A

enhancement of social contacts and incresed of sexual activit

51
Q

emotional affects of sepatal tumor

A

rage like attacks and increased irritability

52
Q

Hippocampus: Lesions of dorsal medial nulceus of thalamus, mammillary nuclei alone or in combination may lead to

A

amnestic states

53
Q

Declaritive memory

A

aquisition of facts and events

need dorsal medial nucelus of thalamus and the mammilary nuclei

54
Q

Person events in ones life, actively remembere, embedded in time and place

A

Episodic—-Declaritive memory

55
Q

Facts, known rather than actively remembered

A

Semantics—declartive memory

56
Q

Hippocampal formation incldues

A

hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum

57
Q

Major effernt of hippocampal formation:

Major Afferent of hippocampal formation:

A
  • Fornix

- Perfornith path

58
Q

Hippocampal formation:

Neurons from EC project to the dentate and synapse with

A

granule cells, and hippocampal pryamidal cells

59
Q

Neurons from EC project to dentate, synapse with granule cells, then with hippocampal pyramidal cells cells and extend toward

A

lateral ventricle whre they form the alveus ,then fimbria, then fornix

60
Q

Crucial for formation of episodic memories in humans (record of personal events) and dedicated to spatial mapping in animals

A

Hippocampus

61
Q

Amnesia following bilateral temporal~ removed the guys bitemporal temporal lobes and he couldn’t learn anything new and each day forgot… we also see hippocampal sclerosis and atrophy as a result of

A

–also see hippocampal sclerosis and atrophy as a result of temporal lobe epilepsy for a long time

62
Q

supplies much of hippocampal region and get amnesia if stroke here

A

Stroke: Left MCA Stroke→ the Posterior cerebral artery (from basilar)

63
Q

Wernicke Korsakoffs syndrome

A

Wernicke Korsakoffs Syndrome
d/t to chrnoic alcoholism and nutritional deficienty (thiamine)
Acute state is Wernickes encephalopathy; confusion, disorientation, oculomotor, dysnfnx, ataxia
Chronic anterograde and temporally-graded retrograde amnesia
Lesions in mammillary bdies and thalamus

64
Q

Cingulate Gyrus Behavioral changes after lesions in anterior cingulate

A

in humans: apathy, disinhibition, placidity, depression, anxiety, OCD, heightened sexuality, bulimia

65
Q

Anterior cingulate

A

emotion and motor fnx

66
Q

Posterior cingulate

A

visuospatial and memory

67
Q

Used to succefully tx OCD
can help chronic pain pts
narcotic withdrawl

A

cingulotomy

68
Q

See associated sociopathy– show blunted autonimic responses to emotional stimuli

A

have cingulotomy

69
Q

mostl commly associated with bilateral anterior cingulate cortex lesions
pts can talk, but have no desire to

A

akinetic mutism

70
Q

Abnormalities in AC is postulated bc of its role in affective vocalizations

A

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

71
Q

Lesions of AC can relieve OCD and is an associated feature of

A

GTS

72
Q

What happens when we electircally stimulate the AC

A

complex coordinated movements

73
Q

How can we reduces tourtettes synmptoms

A

disconnection of AC from thalamus

74
Q

Integration of thought, motivation, and emotion with movement are critical aspects of cingulate fnx

A

—Anterior cingulate gyurs

75
Q

Excessive amplification of emotional signals in the anterior cingulate gyrus result in

A

anxiety and OCD

76
Q

Amplification of motor behavior in anterior cingulate results in

A

tics and impulsive behavior

77
Q

Excessive filtering of emotios and motor behavior in the anterior cingulate result in

A

Apathy, akinesis, mutism

78
Q

Orbital frontal lobe syndrome

A

Disinhibited, tactless, bawdy, boastful, grandiose, restless, impulsive, inattentive, perseverative, tendancy to dress carelessly and eat gluttonously

79
Q

Disinhibited, tactless, bawdy, boastful, grandiose, restless, impulsive, inattentive, perseverative, tendancy to dress carelessly and eat gluttonously

A

orbitofrontal lobe syndrome

80
Q

Apathetic, slow, demonstrates little initiative or spontaneity
responding in an automaton like manner, vacancy of expression

A

Frontal/convexity or dorsolateral syndrome

81
Q

akinetic mutism, inert, speechless, with intact sleep wake cycle, “motionless, mindless, wakefulness” loss of drive to move or speak

A

Medial frontal syndrome

82
Q

Medial frontal sydrome

A

akinetic mutism, inert, speechless, with intact sleep wake cycle, “motionless, mindless, wakefulness” loss of drive to move or speak

83
Q

Frontal/convexity or dorsolateral syndrome

A

Apathetic, slow, demonstrates little initiative or spontaneity
responding in an automaton like manner, vacancy of expression

4 Med Neuro (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions