media- ownership & control Flashcards
Traditional
mass, uniform, non-interactive
New
interactive, choice
Power of media
secondary socialisation, forms identities, gigantic international business
TV watching stat
158 mins per day watching tv in 2022 in britain
Bauman
single copy of nyt contains more info than cultivated person in 18th century would consume in lifetime
Formal controls
Law- can’t report anything they choose
Ofcom- wide range of communications available and filtering harmful content
BBC- state funded body with members appointed by King who regulated BBC and represent license paying audiences
Independent broadcasting- non-bbc and regulated by ofcom
IPSO- voluntary org of self regulation of content in newspapers and magazines
Leveson Inquiry
2011 journalists at News of the World hacked into mobile phones linked to news stories, independent regulatory body backed by legislation
Gov influences
press conferences and briefings of journalists- gov tries to manage what reported in news, non-attributable way, journalists giving gov exposure get privileged access to gov sources
spin doctors- add favourable slant to unpopular news item and release bad news during holidays
no broadcasting licenses for those deemed unfit
filtering software- block computers and access to sites, eg great firewall of china
surveillance and monitoring- 2014 made it law that police allowed to intercept, made freedom of speech decrease
‘five billionaires own 80% of the UK media’
Rupert Murdoch, Richard Desmond, Viscount Rothermere, Barclay Brothers
Media mogul
individual who owns significant share of media company, control over company’s content
Bagdikian
‘Lords of the global village’, dominate mass media and info process
Lords of the Global Village
Concentration of ownership- a few very large companies
Vertical integration- one company owning all stages of media product
Horizontal integration- interest in range of media
Global ownership- global media empires
Conglomeration & Diversification- interests in wide variety of products besides media
Global conglomeration- combo of above 2
Synergy- product sold within variety of medias to increase profits
Technological Convergence- available in variety of formats
Morley
Preferred reading- interpretation media want audience to take
Althusser
Media creates false consciousness of peoples exploitation and real interests
Miliband
Journalists, editors, etc just have to do what bosses say so create media that erases viewpoints that threaten their power, biased reports creating climate of conformity
Curran & Seaton
Media owners interfere with news to override independent workers and benefit themselves
AO3 marxism
- Neo-marxists- bourgeoisie media owners not have time to micro manage content
- Biased reports impossible as state has a law that means no general influence from one media output
- Pluralists- digital media and citizen journalists broken down traditional media, more power of interpretation
Gramsci
Hegemony- norms and values of ruling class taken as common sense
Neo-marxists
Media not limited due to economic reasons but cultural because journalists take ruling class ideology as common sense and spread this without need of owner control
Jones
51% top journalists in Britain privately educated compared to 7% population
AO3 neo-marxism
- not all journalists share right wing views of owners eg Daily Express cheering on striking miners
- pluralists eg whale- approaches not result of backgrounds of editors and journalists but market demand
Pluralism
Power widely and evenly dispersed in society, believe audience determines media choices, active in media success and failure, mass media crucial for modern liberal democracy as makes sure people not manipulated
Postmodernists
Impossible for owners or editors to control everything out there so audience determines what they consume
Levene
People give own narratives on social media and often go against owners of the platforms so they affect media not other way round
