media- age/class/ethnicity

Question 1

Representation of age

Answer 1

Older people are under Represented in the media and younger people are overrepresented

Question 2

Children’s Express- seven prevalent stereotypes in media

Answer 2

Kids as victims
Cute kids
Little devils
Kids are brilliant
Kids are accessories
Kids these days
Little angels

Question 3

Youth

Answer 3

negative media stereotyping, Problem group, Drugs and alcohol, knife and gun culture, antisocial behavior

Question 4

MORI for Young People Now

Answer 4

National press stories about young people were negative, with only 12% positive and 57% negative, forty percent of articles about children focused on crime

Question 5

Women in Journalism

Answer 5

Teenage boys described in media as yobs thugs, sick and feral

Question 6

White et al

Answer 6

Forty percent Of young people didn’t like how they were portrayed on tv, News values are sensational and exaggerate their Deviant behaviour.
Sells news papers and attracts viewers

Question 7

Media distorting attitudes

Answer 7

Old people’s opinions are strongly formed by the media as they are mostly home based.

Question 8

Cohen

Answer 8

Young African Caribbean men are used as scapegoats to create a common enemy.
and label them as folk devils, which creates unity in society, encourages tough action, introduces labelling and stereotyping as anti-social.

Question 9

AO3 youth

Answer 9

Citizen journalism combats the stereotypes about young people and this links to the new sociology of childhood, where children are active agents in their lives.

Question 10

Social construction of youth

Answer 10

Popular music associated with sub cultures goes alongside fashion choices and values and attitudes. Social media influences identity. Pluralist say this response to market needs. but some sociologists say the media doesn’t just reflect youth culture. It creates it.

Question 11

Older people

Answer 11

Largely invisible Or represented negatively

Question 12

Cuddy and fiske

Answer 12

In the united states , tv portrayed 1.5 percent of characters as older adults and they were used for comic relief or mental physical or sexual jokes

Question 13

Biggs

Answer 13

UK sitcoms presented older people as being an undesirable stage who are forgetful. They suffer from negative stereotypes more than anyone apart from youth.

Question 14

Centre For Aging Better

Answer 14

Elderly is associated with vulnerable or boomers. And this creates a unrealistic view of later life.

Question 15

Szmigin and Carrigan

Answer 15

Wary of using models in adverts. That might alienate younger audiences.

Question 16

Gender and age

Answer 16

There are different stereotypes for men and women. Older men are presented positively. As sexual Partners to younger women, they are distinguished and informed. They are a powerful authoritative leader. But older women are invisible and symbolically annihilated. Because they are seen to have to be young forever

Question 17

White et al

Answer 17

Older people thought there were being stereotyped.On tv and there was No representation of older women

Question 18

AO3 older people

Answer 18

Centre for ageing better campaigns for IPSO to add. Age to clause 12 of the editors code of practice.

Szmigin and Carrigan- The grey pound, which means advertising of old people is being targeted for profits because there are more old people in the population who are rich so we can expect to see more positive representations of older people.

Lee et al- Older age is now a Golden Age.And older people are seen in advertisements as positive healthy and active

Question 19

Representations of class

Answer 19

Mainstream media is filtered through the rich and powerful media owners.Which causes more favourable stereotypes of the upper class and an overpresentation of the upper class Mainstream media is filtered through the rich and powerful media owners. Which causes more favourable stereotypes of the upper class and an over representation of the upper class

Question 20

Jones

Answer 20

The media suggests we are all middle class now or we should all aspire to be middle class. It celebrates the lifestyles of the upper class to encourage everyone to find their interests important.

Question 21

Lawler

Answer 21

Class is a lifestyle choice and not an economic category.
Taste is used as a symbol of class identity, people’s lives are shaped by their tastes in consumer goods.The focus is on the individual. Suggests anyone can come construct their own identity through what we consume from the media

Question 22

News values

Answer 22

News about the rich and famous is more likely to be reported than about the working class

Question 23

Mckendrick et al

Answer 23

Poverty was a marginal issue, but only was a small proportion of media output. Journalists acknowledged that poverty would only be newsworthy If there were angles to make out the individuals as failing and undeserving, rather than it being due to wider social causes.

Question 24

Weltman

Answer 24

Across media entertainment formats working class people are devalued compared to the middle class.

Question 25

Representation of the working class

Answer 25

Underrepresented, failings are due to nonconformity with middle class values.

Question 26

Curran and seaton

Answer 26

Newspapers with working class audiences only focused on public affairs and infotainment rather than politics or intellectual matters.

Question 27

4 main working class stereotypes.

Answer 27

Dumb and foolish- Butsch- Us TV portrays working class as immature irresponsible buffoons.The royle family reflect this and it reinforces middle class dominance, Shildrick et al- Cultural hegemony is reinforced by describing poverty as individual moral failings.This causes the image of the undeserving poor and reduces public sympathy Trouble makers- Crime, welfare dependency, struggling parents.Working class is problematic, neo marxists say this discredit those who challenge the dominant ideology Romanticised communities- East Enders and call the midwife depict working class as hardworking, emphasises Community, advertising shows labour but Jones argues this is outdated shaped by middle class, traditional industries decline, media portrayals are not patronising, but hostile. Chavs- Lawler- 'Disgusting', Weltman and Tyler- devalues working class culture, Jones reports , chavs as filthy foul mouthed benefit dependent, Wayne and Waynetta Slob by Harry Enfield, Lauren Cooper, Vicky Pollard

Question 28

middle class as overrepresented

Answer 28

Property programs aimed at middle class viewers.Budgets are out of reach of most viewers.Characters in sitcoms are overwhelmingly middle class.Middle class culture presented as normal

Question 29

Middle class as dominant

Answer 29

Presenters on tv Largely middle class Guardian journalist, Jones described media as closed shop for upper middle class

Question 30

Middle class and anxiety

Answer 30

Anxious about contemporary society prone to moral panic, Publications like daily mail for middle class readers, run into stories that are more important like immigration and terrorism.

Question 31

mc as Ideal units

Answer 31

Standard for others to aspire to, positive portrayals, Middle class domination, legitimizes class Structure inequalities

Question 32

Representations of upper class

Answer 32

Monarchy coverage Royal gossip Weddings jubilees. Posh accents and grand estates sometimes eccentric respectable. EG Downton Abbey romanticises the past. Suggests, life was better for the poor back then. Luxury lifestyles featured in tabloids. Pluralist say reflect audience demand, Neomarxist say it glorifies hierarchy and justified socially inequality

Question 34

AO3 class

Answer 34

Curran & Seaton- new media offers more choice and opportunity so people not passive consumers meta narratives being challenged salt of the earth representation- WC simple but normal, still condescending some products rep WC positively, pro WC political messages

Question 35

representations of ethnicity

Answer 35

underrepresented in management and producing, neomarxists say reps of ems through mc white establishments, Hall said 'the white eye through which they are seen', Akinti said media discussion focus too much on problems of em

Question 36

Cumberbatch et al

Answer 36

ems in tv shows filled 1 in 7 roles, black African carribeans over represented, south asians under represented, ems mostly in entertainment, few roles in fiction, rarely presenters

Question 38

Malik

Answer 38

African carribeans more likely in shows with social issues, music sport, comedy rather than heavyweight roles or serious subjects

Question 39

Beattie et al

Answer 39

of gmg, black and Asian more likely appear in supporting roles, temporary guests, growing rep of Asian and black as hosts more in kids tv

Question 40

Hargrave

Answer 40

ems concerned with how portrayed, asians felt stereotyped as j identical, simplistic portrayals, tokenism, symbolic annihilation of minorities eg Chinese Greeks Poles, stereotypes by white industry create profit, black and Asian scapegoated

Question 41

stereotyping

Answer 41

ems depicted deviants and law breakers, drug dealing, terrorism, mugging, Hargrave says black people more than twice likely as white on terrestrial tv as criminals, Hall and policing the crisis moral panics, Watson noticed linking gangsta rap to gun crime, drill music taken offline by police

Question 42

Hall et al

Answer 42

exaggerated extent of black crime, black mugger folk devil, symbol that reinforced hegemony of ruling class, distract public from wider economic crisis

Question 43

Islamophobia

Answer 43

coverage of terrorist events stereotyped Muslims as threats, 91% articles about Muslims negative, fundamentalists oppressing women, enforce hijabs, replace British law, fuel harassment and fear, most Muslims accept British values

Question 44

Baroness Warsi

Answer 44

fashionable islamophobia, anti Muslim socially acceptable, Phillips said media focuses on terrorism not ordinary Muslims

Question 45

representation of countries

Answer 45

developing countries depicted chaotic, diseases, famine, reliant on western aid, gmg said British coverage focused on disasters without context, negative public perception, Dowling says eastern Europeans falsely blamed for benefit fraud, crime, stealing fish and eating swans, reinforced racial prejudices

Question 46

pluralists

Answer 46

portrayals reflect news values, Cottle says encourages audience to define identities in opposition to 'them', superiority, stigmatised identity undesirable

Question 47

neomarxists

Answer 47

negative portrayals enforced by white media, uphold white hegemony, diverts from social inequality

Question 48

AO3 ems

Answer 48

media reps improving, policies to recruit em presenters (Beattie et al) more content for black and Asian audiences, younger people now engaging in digital media to challenge stereotypes em actors in mainstream roles eg corrie, everyday lives, eastenders 43% non white viewers, growing acceptance